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Attitudes of psychedelic users regarding cost of treatment and non-hallucinogenic alternatives

Bibliographic Data

ID4696004
AuthorsJacob S Aday (0000-0003-0578-8530, University of Michigan, corresponding author), Kevin F Boehnke (0000-0003-3696-3979, University of Michigan), Moss Herberholz (0009-0007-6717-7088), D J Kruger (0000-0002-2757-7016, Jacobs (United States))
Year2024
Publication date2024-05-30
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Psychedelic Studies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2559-9283 • E-ISSN: 2559-9283
PublisherAkademiai Kiado Zrt (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1556/2054.2024.00354
OpenAlexW4399172660
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited5

Background and aimsPsychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is currently being studied as a possible treatment option for multiple disorders. Despite promising safety and efficacy findings, the high costs of the current PAP model makes it questionable if the treatment will be scalable. Non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogs have been developed as a potential cost-effective alternative, but it is unclear what psychedelic users perceive as a reasonable cost for treatment and whether they would be open to trying a non-hallucinogenic analog.MethodsWe queried a large sample of people using psychedelics naturalistically (N = 1,221) about their attitudes regarding the role of altered states of consciousness in PAP outcomes, costs of treatment, and their openness to trying a non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog for treating a mental health condition.ResultsWe found that most (76%) participants considered altered states of consciousness as very or extremely important to the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. Despite this, most (61%) were also moderately, very, or extremely likely to try a non-hallucinogenic substance if given the chance. Lastly, participants considered approximately $70-80 per hour to be a reasonable cost for various aspects of psychedelic services (e.g., preparation, integration, and dosing sessions).ConclusionsParticipants valued the role of altered states of consciousness in therapeutic changes attributed to psychedelics, but were still open to trying a non-hallucinogenic analog. Notably, the price participants considered to be a reasonable amount for PAP is well below current market projections. Future research is needed to address limitations of the study as well as to identify ways of lowering treatment costs

Consciousness · Euphoriant · Hallucinogen · Lysergic acid diethylamide · Openness to experience · Psilocybin · Psychiatry · Psychotherapist · Medicine · Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior · Psychedelics and Drug Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Perceived Impact of Psychedelics on Sexual, Gender, and Intimate Relationship Dynamics

    D J Kruger, Eirini K Argyri et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2025

  • Quality of Acute Psychedelic Experience Predicts Therapeutic Efficacy of Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression

    Open Access•Leor Roseman, David Nutt et al.•Frontiers in Pharmacology•2018

  • Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness

    Open Access•Katherine A Maclean, Matthew W Johnson et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2011

  • MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD

    Open Access•Jennifer M Mitchell, Michael P Bogenschutz et al.•Nature Medicine•2021

  • Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression

    Open Access•Guy M Goodwin, Scott T Aaronson et al.•New England Journal of Medicine•2022

  • How Do I Learn More About this?”

    D J Kruger, Oskar Enghoff et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2023

Citations per year1
Citation span2025 - 2025 (1)
Highly citedNo

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