The Physiography of the Middle Clarence Valley, New Zealand

Brief description.C. Probability of a regional uplift antedating the Orogenic uplift.D. The great bend of the Clarence.E. Asymmetry in the cross-profile of the valley.P. Earthquake rents.G. Reliefforms developed on the covering strata : (a) The monoclinal ridge of limestone; (b) The dissection of the valley lowland.H. Absence of evidence of glacia?tion : (a) On the mountains; (5) In the valley.Appendix : Note on the solid geology of the Middle Clarence valley : (a) The oldermass; (b) Intrusions in the oldermass ; (c) The covering strata; (d) Structure.A. Introduction.The long straight valley between the Kaikoura, or Inland Kaikoura, and seaward Kaikoura, or Lookers-on ranges, in Marlborough, N.Z., is occupied by the middle reach of the Clarence river, which flows northeast through it, and it is generally known, therefore, as the Middle Clarence valley.Its origin is bound up with that of the enclosing ranges.These are, for the most part, composed of relatively old rocks with a deformed structure, but along the line of the valley younger rocks are involved (Fig. 1); and it is the attitude of these younger rocks, and their relation to the older, that give the clue to the nature of the uplifts which gave birth to the mountains and determined the position of the valley.The aim of this paper is to give an explanation and description of the detail of the relief, only in the north-eastern portion of the Middle Clarence valley, which the writer has twice visited ; once, for a week, in the early part of 1912, and again, for several weeks, in December of the same year.Brilliantly fine weather, allowing excellent opportunities for physiographic work, was experienced on both occasions.The writer No. III

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