Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Urban-Rural Differences in Disaster Resilience

Bibliographic Data

ID4773374
AuthorsSusan L Cutter (0000-0002-7005-8596, University of South Carolina), Kevin D Ash (0000-0002-4231-2112, University of South Florida St. Petersburg), Christopher T Emrich (0000-0002-6773-7387, University of South Carolina)
Year2016
Volume106
Issue6
Pages1236-1252
Publication date2016-11-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAnnals of the American Association of Geographers (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2469-4452 • E-ISSN: 2469-4460
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/24694452.2016.1194740
OpenAlexW2460952126
LanguageEN
Citations received126
References cited37

The concept of disaster resilience has gained attention in political spheres and news outlets over the past few years, yet relatively few empirical measures of the concept exist. Furthermore, research into urban resilience has dwarfed our understanding of disaster resilience in rural places. This schism in what is known about the differences between urban and rural places becomes the topic of this article. Employing a suite of spatial and statistical techniques using an established measure of community resilience, the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), we focus on two key questions to better explain the resilience divide between urban and rural areas of the United States. Nonparametric rank analysis, analysis of variance, and logistic regression help describe the relationships between rurality and disaster resilience in contrast to resilience in urban areas. Pinpointing the driving factors, or characteristics, of resilience in rural America compared to metropolitan America, accomplished through binary logistic regression, revealed notable distinctions. Resilience in urban areas is primarily driven by economic capital, whereas community capital is the most important driver of disaster resilience in rural areas. Within rural areas there is considerable spatial variability in the components of disaster resilience. This suggests that attempts to enhance resilience cannot be approached using a one-size-fits-most strategy given the variability in the primary drivers of disaster resilience at county scales

Community resilience · Economic growth · Economics · Geography · Metropolitan area · Political science · Rural area · Rurality · Socioeconomics · Sociology · Urbanization · Computer Science · Disaster Management and Resilience · Flood Risk Assessment and Management · Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis

  • Rural spatial planning strengthens rural resilience and sustains development in China

    Open Access•Wenxin Wang, Yuzi Wang et al.•Sustainable Futures•2025

  • Publication Watch

    Open Access•Rituparna Bhattacharyya•Space and Culture India•2016

  • The Influence of Covid-19 on Community Disaster Resilience

    Open Access•Wenping Xu, Lingli Xiang et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Differences in Preventive Behaviors of Covid-19 between Urban and Rural Residents

    Open Access•Xuewei Chen, Hongliang Chen•International Journal of…•2020

  • Spatio-Temporal Variation and Decomposition Analysis of Livelihood Resilience of Rural Residents in China

    Open Access•Shulei Cheng, Yu Yu et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Individual Disaster Preparedness in Drought-and-Flood-Prone Villages in Northwest China

    Open Access•Chunlan Guo, Timothy Sim et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • The Proactive Effects of Built Environment on Rural Community Resilience

    Open Access•Xiaowan Dong, Yuhui Xu et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Adapting the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) Framework for England

    Open Access•Carla Camacho, Roger T Webb et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Building adaptive capacity to address coastal flooding

    Open Access•Karabi Bezboruah, Amruta Sakalker et al.•Environmental Science & Policy•2023

  • Can extreme events be an opportunity? Depopulation and resilience of rural communities in Central Italy after the 1997 earthquake

    Open Access•Federico Fantechi, Giulia Urso et al.•Journal of Rural Studies•2020

  • Enhancing rural resilience through the rural revitalisation strategy in rural China

    Open Access•You-Shang Zhou, Hao Gu•Journal of Rural Studies•2024

  • The resilience and vulnerability of remote mountain communities

    Open Access•Geoff A Wilson, Markus Schermer et al.•Land Use Policy•2018

  • Multi-scales urban-rural integrated development and land-use transition

    Open Access•Bo Niu, Dazhuan Ge et al.•Habitat International•2023

  • Evacuation intention on the Southern Chilean coast

    Open Access•Paula Villagra, Carolina Quintana et al.•Habitat International•2021

  • Are we ready for bushfire? Perceptions of residents, landowners and fire authorities on Lower Eyre Peninsula, South Australia

    Open Access•Delene Weber, Emily Moskwa et al.•Geoforum•2019

  • Improvised Preservation

    Open Access•Lara Maalouf, Rebecca Napolitano•The Historic Environment Policy &…•2026

  • A bottom-up approach to developing a neighbourhood-based resilience measurement framework

    Open Access•Alan H Kwok, Douglas Paton et al.•Disaster Prevention and…•2018

  • The Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Mitigation Grant Program

    David G Groves, Debra Knopman et al.•Building Resilient Infrastructure…•2022

  • Real Estate and Sustainable Crisis Management in Urban Environments

    Open Access•Saija Toivonen, Sirkka Heinonen et al.•Real Estate and Sustainable…•2024

  • The relationship between community type and community resilience

    Open Access•Carmit Rapaport, Tzipi Hornik-Lurie et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2018

  • A multi-criteria approach for assessing urban flood resilience in Tehran, Iran

    Open Access•Mahsa Moghadas, Asad Asadzadeh et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2019

  • Capturing Bonding, Bridging, and Linking Social Capital through Publicly Available Data

    Open Access•Dean Kyne, Daniel P Aldrich•Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public…•2020

  • Mapping urban resilience to disasters – A review

    Open Access•Jean-Marie Cariolet, Marc Vuillet et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2019

  • Regional clusters of vulnerability show the need for transboundary cooperation

    Open Access•Jörn Birkmann, Daniel Feldmeyer et al.•Environmental Research Letters•2021

  • The heterogeneity of human flood adaptation characteristics in Central Asia based on human-flood distance

    Open Access•Ning Wang, Fubao Sun et al.•Environmental Research Letters•2024

  • Agricultural Perspectives on Hailstorm Severity, Vulnerability, and Risk Messaging in Eastern Colorado

    Samuel J Childs, Russ S Schumacher et al.•Weather, Climate, and Society•2020

  • Usefulness of the United States National Weather Service Radar Display as Rated by Website Users

    Open Access•Michelle E Saunders, Kevin D Ash et al.•Weather, Climate, and Society•2018

  • Rural communities challenges and ResilientSEE

    Open Access•Ivis García, Shaleen Miller et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2023

  • Measuring Community Disaster Resilience in the Conterminous Coastal United States

    Open Access•Shaikh Rifat, Weibo Liu•ISPRS International Journal of…•2020

  • Vulnerable populations and social media use in disasters

    Open Access•Jennifer Dargin, Jennifer S Dargin et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2021

  • Dynamic response of flood risk in urban-township complex to future uncertainty

    Open Access•Yidan Xu, Yinxiang Xu et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Role of multi-level institutions in facilitating innovation and adaptation technologies for reducing climate risk and impact

    Open Access•C Emdad Haque, Sabbir Ahmed Khan et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • A tale of two counties in the wake of the 2017 hurricane season

    Open Access•Jim Lee•International Journal of Disaster…•2020

  • Relationship between social vulnerability and community resilience

    Open Access•Nicolás C Bronfman, Nikole F Guerrero et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Building social capital through Konbit for post-disaster recovery

    Open Access•Pierre-Darry Versaillot, Riki Honda•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • A narrative review of food, energy, and water systems for disaster resilient communities in Puerto Rico

    Open Access•Rosemary Mascarenhas, Diego Rodriguez-Steinhardt et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2026

  • Realized resilience after community flood events

    Open Access•Dipesh Chapagain, Stefan Hochrainer‐stigler et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2025

  • Geographic variation of resilience to landslide hazard

    Open Access•Somnath Bera, Balamurugan Guru et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2020

  • Japanese social capital and social vulnerability indices

    Open Access•Tamsyn Fraser•International Journal of Disaster…•2021

  • Using Q-methodology to discover disaster resilience perspectives from local residents

    Open Access•Jong Won Ma, Fernanda Leite et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Differences in disaster preparedness between urban and rural communities in China

    Open Access•Ling Chai, Yang Han et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2021

  • An approach to understanding the intrinsic complexity of resilience against floods

    Open Access•Irfan Ahmad Rana, Saad Saleem Bhatti et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2021

  • Implementation of social equity metrics in an engineering-based framework for distributing disaster resources

    Open Access•Jae H Kim, Elaina J Sutley•International Journal of Disaster…•2021

  • Assessing community resilience to hurricanes in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China from 2013 to 2023

    Open Access•Xinyang Zhang, Nina S N Lam et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2026

  • Improving flood early warning systems in Kabbe, Namibia

    Open Access•Deolfa Josè Moisès, Olivia Kunguma•International Journal of Disaster…•2023

  • The conceptualisation of resilience dimensions and comprehensive quantification of the associated indicators

    Open Access•Zahra Assarkhaniki, Abbas Rajabifard et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2020

  • Resilience in urban, rural, and transitional communities

    Open Access•Xiaojun Zhang, Yue Luo et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2023

  • Collaborative planning principles for disaster preparedness

    Open Access•Deborah F Shmueli, Connie P Ozawa et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2021

  • Factors affecting household evacuation decision making in response to disaster

    Open Access•Khonsa Indana Zulfa, Joanna Faure Walker et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • What is Needed to design sustainable and resilient cities

    Open Access•Şükran Şeker, Nezir Aydin et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Mapping the response

    Open Access•Chelsie McWhorter, Mary Hegarty et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2025

  • A Bayesian inference and machine learning based hybrid intelligence framework for modelling and assessing community resilience under uncertainty

    Open Access•Raihan Rafi, Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2026

  • Barriers to long-term disaster recovery in rural Appalachia

    Open Access•Kase Poling, Tripp Shealy•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Impact and Coping Strategies among Vulnerable Groups

    Open Access•Rizki Fillali, Ana Rosidha Tamyis et al.•MASYARAKAT Jurnal Sosiologi•2022

  • Assessing water security across scales

    Open Access•Tess Doeffinger, John W Hall et al.•Applied Geography•2021

  • Dynamic assessment of community resilience in China

    Open Access•Cunling Yan, Xiaoyu Liu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Buyouts in the Carolinas

    Open Access•Anuradha Mukherji, Ke’Ziyah Williamson et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Assessing economic resilience in aviation system disruptions based on CGE model

    Open Access•Lei Zhou, Mengnan Zhang•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • A quantitative analysis of the static and dynamic impacts of climate change on community resilience in ecologically fragile areas of China

    Rui Wang, Jue Wang•Climate and Development•2025

  • Rural Risk and Disaster Management from a Relational Approach

    Open Access•Sophie Kolmodin, Olof Oscarsson•Journal of Northern Studies•2025

  • Urban–Rural Differences in Disaster Preparedness between 2017 and 2020 from a Justice Perspective

    Ziyi Wang, Lin Liu et al.•Natural Hazards Review•2025

  • Flood Resilience Quantification Framework of Rural Communities

    Amanda Melendez, Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto•Natural Hazards Review•2024

  • How Predisaster Planning Helped Rural West Virginia Overcome Barriers to Long-Term Flood Recovery

    Kase Poling, Tripp Shealy•Natural Hazards Review•2025

  • Examining Rural–Urban Vulnerability Inequality in Extreme Weather-Related Power Outages

    Open Access•Francesco Rouhana, Jin Zhu et al.•Natural Hazards Review•2025

  • Assessing Community Resilience to Urban Flooding Using an AHP–BRIC Model

    Khush Dil Khan, Xuesong Guo et al.•Natural Hazards Review•2026

  • China’s Rural Comprehensive Disaster Reduction Policies (1949–2021)

    Jinyi Ouyang, Jifei Zhang•Natural Hazards Review•2024

  • Effects of Infrastructure Service Disruptions Following Hurricane Irma

    Diana Mitsova, Ann‐margaret Esnard et al.•Natural Hazards Review•2021

  • Naturally Resilient to Natural Hazards? Urban–Rural Disparities in Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Assistance

    Kijin Seong, Clare Losey et al.•Housing Policy Debate•2022

  • Mitigating compound coastal water hazards in Eastern North Carolina

    Anuradha Mukherji, Scott Curti et al.•Journal of Environmental Planning…•2024

  • Gender and household resilience to flooding in informal settlements in Accra, Ghana

    Eric Gaisie, Albert Adu-Gyamfi et al.•Journal of Environmental Planning…•2022

  • Population displacement from Puerto Rico to the US states following Hurricane Maria

    Michael W Robbins•Mathematical Population Studies•2024

  • Towards ordinary rural resilience

    Open Access•Xinhui Wu, Zhenjie Yuan et al.•Journal of Rural Studies•2026

  • Urban resilience through green infrastructure

    Open Access•Marta Suárez, Amaya M Rieiro-Díaz et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2024

  • The Value of Community Building and Social Capital for Rural Communities Recovering from Disaster

    Open Access•Amber Anderson, Santina Contrera et al.•Journal of Community Health•2026

  • Assessing Urban–Rural Differences in Disaster Evacuation Vulnerability Among Minority Populations

    Md Shaharier Alam, Mark W Horner et al.•The Professional Geographer•2025

  • Intertemporal Tourism Clusters and Community Resilience

    Yong-Jin Alex Lee, Jinwon Kim et al.•The Professional Geographer•2021

  • Rethinking disaster resilience in high-density cities

    Open Access•M Sajjad, Johnny C L Chan et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2021

  • Urban-Rural Disparity in Community Resilience

    Open Access•Jinglu Song, Rishikesh Pandey et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2022

  • Resilience of Interdependent Urban Socio-Physical Systems using Large-Scale Mobility Data

    Open Access•Takahiro Yabe, P Suresh C Rao et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2021

  • District-based Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (DBRIC) for assessment of a Global South city

    Open Access•Mousa Pazhuhan, Nabi Moradpour et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2023

  • Analytical framework for institutional power orientation towards earthquake resilience

    Open Access•Mahsa Fallahi, Behnaz Aminzadeh et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2024

  • Urban resilience

    Open Access•Naim Kapucu, Yue Ge et al.•Urban Governance•2024

  • Urban–rural disparities in disaster awareness and preparedness

    Open Access•Alper BODUR, Yeliz Emecen•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2026

  • Borders and resilience

    Open Access•Eeva-Kaisa Prokkola•Environment and Planning C…•2021

  • Landfills and disasters

    Laura A Mckinney, Ryan W Thomson•Environmental Sociology•2022

  • Place satisfaction and perceived recovery after Hurricane Sandy on Staten Island’s East Shore

    Nathan Frey•Environmental Hazards•2017

  • Temporal and spatial change in disaster resilience in US counties, 2010–2015

    Susan L Cutter, Sahar Derakhshan•Environmental Hazards•2018

  • Buyout programme experiences and perspectives of local public officials in eastern North Carolina

    Anuradha Mukherji, Kayode Nelson Adeniji et al.•Environmental Hazards•2024

  • Rural Prospects for Resilience

    Hyun Kim, David W Marcouiller•Society & Natural Resources•2020

  • The role of municipal digital services in advancing rural resilience

    Open Access•Vanessa R Levesque, Kathleen P Bell et al.•Government Information Quarterly•2023

  • Modeling Long-Term Housing Recovery after Technological Disaster Using a Virtual Audit with Repeated Photography

    Open Access•Marccus D Hendricks, Michelle A Meyer•Journal of Planning Education and…•2021

  • After riots

    Open Access•Anthony Ince, Thomas Borén et al.•Journal of Urban Affairs•2021

  • Construction of the Scale-Specific Resilience Index to Facilitate Multiscale Decision Making in Disaster Management

    Open Access•Jinglu Song, Bo Huang et al.•Social Indicators Research•2019

  • Social vulnerability and local economic outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Jim Lee•Regional Studies Regional Science•2023

  • Perspectives on domestic violence in rural U.S. communities during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Arianna Baez, Ruth E Fleury‐steiner et al.•Critical Public Health•2026

  • Informal Modes of Social Support among Residents of the Rural American West during the Covid-19 Pandemic☆

    Open Access•Kathryn Mcconnell, J Tom Mueller et al.•Rural Sociology•2023

  • Facilitating use of climate information for adaptation actions in small coastal communities

    Open Access•Vanessa R Levesque, Cameron P Wake et al.•Elementa Science of the…•2021

  • Context-sensitive analysis of disaster resilience and equity through geospatial explainable machine learning

    Open Access•Yirong Ding, Lu Zhang et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • A Critical Review of Infrastructure Resilience in Fast-Growing, Hot, and Arid Cities of the Global South

    Open Access•Hassan Alblooshi, Yacine Rezgui et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • Exploring the resilience adaptive capacities of rural municipal governments

    Vanessa R Levesque, Eileen S Johnson et al.•Community Development•2026

  • Logistic Regression

    Scott Menard•Logistic Regression•2010

  • The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (Cart)

    Rose L Pfefferbaum, Betty Pfefferbaum et al.•Journal of Public Health…•2013

  • A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities

    Open Access•Michel Bruneau, Stephanie E Chang et al.•Earthquake Spectra•2003

  • The Resilient City

    Lawrence J Vale, Thomas J Campanella•The resilient city•2005

  • Disaster Resilience

    Susan L Cutter, Joseph A Ahearn et al.•Environment Science and Policy…•2013

  • Disasters by Design

    Dennis S Mileti, A Joseph Henry Press book et al.•Disasters by Design•1999

  • Urban Hazard Mitigation

    David R Godschalk•Natural Hazards Review•2003

  • Resilience to natural hazards

    Richard J T Klein, Robert J Nicholls et al.•Environmental Hazards•2003

  • Economic resilience to natural and man-made disasters

    Adam Rose•Environmental Hazards•2007

  • Climate change and urban resilience

    Open Access•Robin Leichenko•Current Opinion in Environmental…•2011

  • A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters

    Open Access•Susan L Cutter, Lindsey Barnes et al.•Global Environmental Change•2008

  • Rural Community and Rural Resilience

    Open Access•Patricia Mcmanus, Jim Walmsley et al.•Journal of Rural Studies•2011

  • Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness

    Open Access•Fran H Norris, Susan Stevens et al.•American Journal of Community…•2008

  • When Nature Pushes Back

    Open Access•J R Elliott, Jeremy Pais•Social Science Quarterly•2010

  • The Hazards of Indicators

    Jon Barnett, Lambert et al.•Annals of the Association of…•2008

  • A Validation of Metrics for Community Resilience to Natural Hazards and Disasters Using the Recovery from Hurricane Katrina as a Case Study

    Christopher G Burton•Annals of the Association of…•2015

  • Community Disaster Resilience and the Rural Resilience Index

    Open Access•Robert S Cox, Robin S Cox et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2015

  • Geographies of resilience

    Open Access•Juergen Weichselgartner, I Kelman•Progress in Human Geography•2014

  • Disaster Preparedness and Resilience for Rural Communities

    Open Access•Naim Kapucu, Christopher V Hawkins et al.•Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public…•2013

  • Social and ecological resilience

    Open Access•W Neil Adger•Progress in Human Geography•2000

  • The geographies of community disaster resilience

    Open Access•Susan L Cutter, Kevin D Ash et al.•Global Environmental Change•2014

  • Positioning resilience for 2015

    Open Access•David Matyas, Margaret Pelling et al.•Disasters•2015

  • Community Resilience and Volcano Hazard

    Open Access•Graham A Tobin, Linda M Whiteford•Disasters•2002

  • An Unbalance Adjustment Method for Development Indicators

    Open Access•Enrico Casadio Tarabusi, Giulio Guarini•Social Indicators Research•2013

  • Measuring Capacities for Community Resilience

    Open Access•Kathleen Sherrieb, Fran H Norris et al.•Social Indicators Research•2010

Unique citing works126
Citations per year12,6
Citation span2016 - 2026 (11)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 110

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae