The Colonial Nucleus of Barao de Antonina, Sao Paulo

P A R A N A ta r a re ge.SPAAN/tarae ,.Sa:ts< effected a true settlement of the o 100 MILES , :, ATLANvTIC -P-5 0 100 KILOMETERS .' OCEAN country, in small, economically viFIG. I able holdings. In Sao Paulo, on the other hand, the immigrants served mainly as laborers for the coffee Jazendeiros; many of them were small Italian farmers who had exchanged for a lot unenviable enough, but in which they at least had their liberty, the position of agricultural proletariat in an environment often geographically and psychologically unfavorable. Before long, however, the state of Sao Paulo undertook the establishment of centers of Nova Odessa and Nova Europa are the best known of these official nucleuses of settlement.' This method of settlement has been sustained by the state government, and there are now several nucleos, administered by the Department of Lands, Colonization, and Immigration of the Secretariat of Agriculture. Three are in the littoral zone to the south of Santos: Itanhaen on the shore, Alecrim at the foot of the Serra do Mar, and Juqui'a on the densely forested slopes. Another nucleus in the early stages is on the plateau at Sao Miguel; but the most important is in the interior-the nucleo colonial Barao de Antonina. Not only does Barao de Antonina afford a good example of the modern ways of life in the state of Sao Paulo; it is also a concrete expression of the Brazilian policy of colonization

Art · Geography · Humanities · Sociology · Demography · Urban Development and Societal Issues

• Private agricultural colonization on a Brazilian frontier, 1970–1980

  Open Access•Wendy Jepson•Journal of Historical Geography•2005

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