The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy as an anti-depressive treatment is falling
A meta-analysis
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4817154 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tom J Johnsen (UiT The Arctic University of Norway), Oddgeir Friborg (0000-0001-6629-0782, UiT The Arctic University of Norway) |
| Year | 2015 |
| Volume | 141 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 747-768 |
| Publication date | 2015-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/bul0000015 |
| PMID | 25961373 |
| OpenAlex | W2255670592 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 35 |
| References cited | 18 |
A meta-analysis examining temporal changes (time trends) in the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for unipolar depression was conducted. A comprehensive search of psychotherapy trials yielded 70 eligible studies from 1977 to 2014. Effect sizes (ES) were quantified as Hedge's g based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Rates of remission were also registered. The publication year of each study was examined as a linear metaregression predictor of ES, and as part of a 2-way interaction with other moderators (Year × Moderator). The average ES of the BDI was 1.58 (95% CI [1.43, 1.74]), and 1.69 for the HRSD (95% CI [1.48, 1.89]). Subgroup analyses revealed that women profited more from therapy than did men (p < .05). Experienced psychologists (g = 1.55) achieved better results (p < .01) than less experienced student therapists (g = 0.98). The metaregressions examining the temporal trends indicated that the effects of CBT have declined linearly and steadily since its introduction, as measured by patients' self-reports (the BDI, p < .001), clinicians' ratings (the HRSD, p < .01) and rates of remission (p < .01). Subgroup analyses confirmed that the declining trend was present in both within-group (pre/post) designs (p < .01) and controlled trial designs (p = .02). Thus, modern CBT clinical trials seemingly provided less relief from depressive symptoms as compared with the seminal trials. Potential causes and possible implications for future studies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Anxiety · Beck Depression Inventory · Cognition · Cognitive behavioral therapy · Cognitive therapy · Depression (economics) · Developmental psychology · Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression · Major depressive disorder · MEDLINE · Meta-analysis · Moderation · Psychiatry · PsycINFO · Publication bias · Randomized controlled trial · Rating scale · Subgroup analysis · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes · Clinical Psychology · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Mental Health Research Topics · Psychology · Treatment of Major Depression
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| Unique citing works | 35 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,5 |
| Citation span | 2016 - 2026 (11) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 28 |