Extra-Legal Attributes and Criminal Sentencing
An Assessment of a Sociological Viewpoint
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4892385 |
|---|---|
| Authors | J Hagan (0000-0002-4262-9822, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1974 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 357-383 |
| Publication date | 1974-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Law & Society Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0023-9216 • E-ISSN: 1540-5893 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.2307/3053080 |
| OpenAlex | W2327200969 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 198 |
| References cited | 22 |
Nearly half a century after Thorsten Sellin (1928) first introduced the topic for research, the issue of discrimination in judicial sentencing is still very much with us. Thus, Richard Quinney (1970: 142), among the more provocative critics of our system of criminal justice, observes that Obviously judicial decisions are not made uniformly. Decisions are made according to a host of extra-legal factors, including the age of the offender, his race, and social class. Perhaps the most obvious example of judicial discretion occurs in the handling of cases of persons from minority groups. Negroes, in comparison to whites, are convicted with lesser evidence and sentenced to more severe punishments
Criminal justice · Criminal law · Criminology · Political science · Sociology · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Law · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Scientific jury selection.
Contexts of Decision Making in the Juvenile Justice System
The Changing Forms of Racial/Ethnic Biases in Sentencing
Race and disparities in sentencing
Sex effects and sentencing
The Cost of 'Lost' Intimacy
Cumulative Disadvantage
A color-blind Lens
Pathways Through Juvenile Justice
Modeling Matters
Sentencing Add-Ons and Implications for Disparities in a Guidelines State
Skew for Skew
He Versus She
Intergenerational transmission of criminal and violent behaviour
Justice in America
Detecting Sentencing Disparity
The Labeling perspective and delinquency
Reassessing and Redirecting Research on Race and Sentencing
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Sentencing
The Organizational Context of Criminal Sentencing
Decomposition of Racial Differences in Sentencing
Racial/Ethnic Misdemeanor Sentencing Disparities
Race and Sentence Severity
The Internal Structure of the Ghetto and the Criminal Commute
Conviction Odds in Chicago Homicide Cases
Is disproportionate minority contact improving? An exploratory analysis of the arrest, confinement, and transfer stages in rural and urban settings
Race and Ethnic Differences in Punishment and Death Sentence Outcomes
Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Prosecutor’s Bail Requests and Downstream Decision-making
Racial Disproportionality in the Criminal Justice System for Drug Offenses
Gender and Crime
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States
Gender Bias in Juvenile Court Dispositions
Cultural literacy” in criminal justice
Changes in Scholarly Influence in Major American Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals between 1986 and 2015
Changes in Scholarly Influence in Major American Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals between 1986 and 2000
Changes in Scholarly Influence in Major American Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals Between 1986 and 2005
Changes in the Most-Cited Scholars and Works Over 25 Years
Sex/gender‐based decision‐making in the criminal justice system as a possible (additional) explanation for the underrepresentation of women in official criminal statistics — a review of international literature
Labor Surplus and Punishment
Extra-Legal Variables Affecting Sentencing Decisions
On Becoming “A Teacher or Something”
Interacting Race/Ethnicity and Legal Factors on Sentencing Decisions
Law, conflict, and order
The Effects of the Fair Sentencing Act 2010 on Sentencing Outcomes for Females Convicted of Cocaine Offenses
Is the Impact of Cumulative Disadvantage on Sentencing Greater for Black Defendants
Short‐ versus long‐term effects of Ohio's switch to more structured sentencing on extralegal disparities in prison sentences in an urban court
Evolution of Sentencing Research
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Mandatory sentencing guidelines
The effects of deliberations and religious identity on mock jurors’ verdicts
Race, Gender, and Outcomes in First Degree Murder Cases
Criminal Justice Through “Colorblind” Lenses
Multiple Voices and the Force of Custom on Punishment
Race and Plea Negotiation
Legal and extralegal offender traits and decision making in the criminal justice system
Race, Crime, and Punishment in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing Declined
The Peculiar Journey
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Changes in the most-cited scholars in major american criminology and criminal justice journals between 1986–1990 and 1991–1995
Race, drug, and criminal sentencing
Modeling the politics of punishment
Sentence length
The effects of court structure on juvenile court decisionmaking
Judges, juries, and the decision to convict
Racial differences in attitudes toward crime control
Driving racial profiling research forward
The influence of court location on type of criminal sentence
Variables influencing sentencing severity
The impact of race on the adjudication of sexual assault and other violent crimes
Race and sentencing
Racial discrimination in the criminal justice system
Sentencing reform, sentencing guidelines, and related issues
Judicial discretion and sentencing disparity in adult felony courts in Israel
Gender, race, and formal court decision-making outcomes
Judicial attitudes in assault cases involving alcohol or other drugs
Race and the apprehension of inmate misconduct
Predicting decisions rendered in criminal appeals
A sociolegal analysis of Canadian youth justice
Adult sexual assault
The sentencing of young adult offenders in Israeli courts
Socioeconomic status and the sentencing of the traditional offender
Defendant Attributes in Plea Bargaining
Brown v. Board of Education
Crime Definition, Crime Measurement, and Victim Surveys
"Should the Wealthy Be Able to "Buy Justice
Developing Aggregate Measures of Disparity
Repeat Players” in a Criminal Court the Fate of Their Clients
Mental health disparities in solitary confinement
Stereotypes and Dispositions for Criminal Homicide
Sentencing Homicide Offenders in the Netherlands
The Impact of the Ethnicity and Gender of Defendants on the Decision to Reject or Dismiss Felony Charges
The State of Criminological Theory
Some Misleading Conceptions in Sentencing Research
Race, Racial Threat, and Sentencing of Habitual Offenders
The Central Place of Race in Crime and Justice—the American Society of Criminology's 2011 Sutherland Address
Race, Ethnicity, and Determinate Sentencing
Judicial Discretion and Defendant's Sex
The Timing of Court Processing
Delinquency Research
Sentencing as a Human Process
Research Note on Inter- and Intra-Racial Homicides
Selective Factors in Capital Punishment
The Life Cycle of Dictatorship as Seen in Treatment of Religious Institutions
Study of the California Penalty Jury in First-Degree-Murder Cases
The Social Organization of Arrest
The Negro Criminal A Statistical Note
Race, Judicial Discretion, and the Death Penalty
The Negro and Crime
Recent Trends
The Nonutility of Significance Tests
A Critique of Tests of Significance in Survey Research
Criteria for Measures of Association
Some Statistical Problems in Research Design
Theory, Probability, and Induction in Social Research
On the Validity of Measures of Association
| Unique citing works | 198 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,88 |
| Citation span | 1975 - 2025 (51) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 198 |