Citizenship denied, deferred and assumed

A legal history of racialized citizenship in Myanmar

Datos Bibliográficos

ID4983704
AutoresElizabeth L Rhoads (0000-0003-0390-7217, Lund University)
Año2023
Volumen27
Número1
Páginas38-58
Fecha de publicación2023-01-02
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaCitizenship Studies (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 1362-1025 • E-ISSN: 1469-3593
EditorialInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/13621025.2022.2137468
OpenAlexW4311380074
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas17
Referencias citadas56

Since the late colonial period, Myanmar has experienced heated debates over notions of belonging, including belonging as inscribed through citizenship status. At independence, Myanmar opted for a hybrid citizenship regime that allowed for paths to citizenship based on both jus sanguinis and jus soli principles, as well as a liberal naturalization policy. However, a new citizenship law passed in 1982 created a tiered system with differential eligibility, rights, and application procedures for jus sanguinis and jus soli pathways, highly restricting the jus soli path to citizenship while privileging state-recognized ethnic groups by strengthening jus sanguinis pathways. The article traces the historical evolution of Myanmar’s postcolonial citizenship regime and how notions of belonging, foreignness, and nativity engendered one of the world’s most racialized citizenship regimes. A close examination of the citizenship regime highlights how citizenship and belonging for Myanmar’s ‘unofficial minorities’ are both contingent and ‘in process’, often a status left pending rather than denied or secured. This creates a ‘deferred citizenship’ which impacts not only individual applicants and their descendants but perpetuates Myanmar’s exclusionary and tiered citizenship system, ensuring that the ‘citizenship question’ is passed to the next generation

Citizenship · Colonialism · Law and economics · Naturalization · Political science · Politics · Sociology · State (computer science · Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography · Migration, Health and Trauma · Migration, Refugees, and Integration · Gender Studies · Law