Historical Cartography as a Tool for Analyzing Landscape Transformations of the Paquequer River in the Genesis Area of Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

When addressing landscape dynamics, the theoretical-conceptual intersection between cartography and geoecology converges in the interpretation and representation of spatial and environmental transformations, comprehensively elucidating the interactions between natural systems and human interventions in the territory. This study investigates the landscape transformations of the Paquequer River, located in the central area of Teresópolis (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), using historical cartography as the main analytical tool and adopting geoecology as the theoretical framework, which serves as a geographic approach for analyzing landscape dynamics. In this regard, the central aim is to identify and understand the changes in the course of the Paquequer River and their correlations with the urban development of Teresópolis. The article addresses the evolution of the river and its influence on the urban development of Teresópolis from the 19th century to the present day. Gathering historical documents, such as maps, photographs, and municipal records, was essential for contextualizing the region's geographical and cultural changes. The historical maps were compared with contemporary cartographic data using georeferencing and vectorization techniques, allowing for an analysis of the modifications in the river's course, particularly concerning its sinuosity index. The analysis revealed a decrease in the river's sinuosity over time, suggesting a process of channel straightening. The study concludes that the Paquequer River in the genesis area of the municipality of Teresópolis is a crucial structuring element in the city's development and that integrating historical and geographical approaches is essential for effectively preserving and managing urban landscapes. The methodology employed provided a detailed understanding of landscape transformations, offering valuable insights for urban planning and environmental management

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