Open-Ended and Closed-Ended Measures of Religious/Spiritual Struggles
A Mixed-Methods Study
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5155160 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Joshua A Wilt (0000-0001-7059-6389, Case Western Reserve University, corresponding author), Joyce T Takahashi (0000-0002-1427-469X, Case Western Reserve University), Peter Jeong (Case Western Reserve University), Julie Exline (0000-0003-3544-2469, Case Western Reserve University), Kenneth I Pargament (0000-0001-8488-7291, Bowling Green State University) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | 505 |
| Publication date | 2020-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Religions (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2077-1444 • E-ISSN: 2077-1444 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT) |
| DOI | 10.3390/rel11100505 |
| OpenAlex | W3090662825 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 6 |
| References cited | 41 |
Religious and spiritual struggles are typically assessed by self-report scales using closed-ended items, yet nascent research suggests that using open-ended interviews and prompts may complement and advance assessment and theories. In the current mixed-methods study, undergraduate participants (N = 976) completed open-ended descriptions of their religious and spiritual struggles, the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS), and a quantitative measure of religious belief salience. Qualitative description showed that the themes emerging from open-ended descriptions generally fell within the broad domains of the RSS though some descriptions reflected more contextualized struggles. Scores derived from the open-ended responses to assess RSS domains achieved evidence of reliability, and quantitative correlational analyses provided support for convergent and discriminant validity with the RSS. Correlations revealed a mix of similar and divergent associations between methods of assessing religious and spiritual struggles and religious belief salience. Open-ended descriptions of religious and spiritual struggles may yield reliable and valid information that is related to but distinct from assessments relying on closed-ended items
Closed-ended question · Cognitive psychology · Epistemology · Religious experience · RSS · Computer Science · Psychology · Religion and Society Interactions · Religion, Society, and Development · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 6 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,2 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2025 (5) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 5 |