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Attraction in every sense

How looks, voice, movement and scent draw us to future lovers and friends

Bibliographic Data

ID5266830
AuthorsAnnett Schirmer (0000-0003-1474-2788, Institute of Psychology University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria, corresponding author), Marcel Franz (0000-0003-0535-7378, Department of Clinical Psychology University of Jena Jena Germany), Lea Krismann (Department of Clinical Psychology University of Jena Jena Germany), Vanessa Nöring (Department of Clinical Psychology University of Jena Jena Germany), Marlen Große (Department of Clinical Psychology University of Jena Jena Germany), Mehmet Mahmut (Food, Flavour and Fragrance Lab, School of Psychological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia), Mehmet K Mahmut (0000-0002-9228-0884, Macquarie University), Ilona Croy (0000-0002-0361-5559, Department of Clinical Psychology University of Jena Jena Germany)
Year2025
Volume116
Issue3
Pages684-701
Publication date2025-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueBritish Journal of Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0007-1269 • E-ISSN: 2044-8295
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/bjop.12787
PMID40170421
OpenAlexW4409118787
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited89

What makes someone attractive has been examined for faces, in terms of common preferences, and for opposite-sex interactions. We expanded on this by considering also other non-verbal modalities, personal preferences and same-sex interactions. We presented the face, body motion, voice and body odour from 61 non-verbal agents (34 women) as stimuli in an attractiveness rating to 71 perceivers (37 women). Our results showed that the modalities were differently attractive and that some correlated more than others. Specifically, body odours were least and audio-video stimuli most attractive. Voice/looks as well as body odour/movement showed fairly robust positive associations. Both common and personal preferences accounted for variance in the data. Most effects compared between opposite- and same-sex ratings, with only a few exceptions, including that only same-sex ratings showed a clear dominance of personal over common preferences. We conclude that the different non-verbal modalities are equally relevant for attraction but differ in absolute attractiveness and redundancy, likely due to their different suitability for communicating stable (e.g. genetic) versus variable (e.g. hormonal) person characteristics. Beauty excites agreement and disagreement; it matters not only in encounters with the other sex but in social interactions more broadly

Attraction · Attractiveness · Beauty · Cognitive psychology · Courtship · Developmental psychology · Dominance (genetics) · Interpersonal attraction · Modalities · Nonverbal communication · Perception · Physical attractiveness · Stimulus modality · Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology

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Unique citing works1
Citations per year1
Citation span2026 - 2026 (1)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 1

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