Implicit and explicit memory in young children and adults

Bibliographic Data

ID5267640
AuthorsAlan J Parkin (Sprint (United States)), Sarah Streete (University of Sussex)
Year1988
Volume79
Issue3
Pages361-369
Publication date1988-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueBritish Journal of Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0007-1269 • E-ISSN: 2044-8295
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.2044-8295.1988.tb02295.x
OpenAlexW2120020342
LanguageEN
Citations received11

This study investigates implicit and explicit memory in normal subjects over two retention intervals, one hour and two weeks. Four age groups were used: 3 years, 5 years, 7 years and adults. In all conditions subjects were initially shown 15 fragmented pictures where each consisted of eight stages ranging from very incomplete to complete. Subjects were shown increasingly complete versions of each stimulus until it was successfully identified. After the retention interval the 15 target pictures were re-presented using the same procedure as the original learning phase. Fifteen new fragmented pictures were also presented. After identifying each picture during the test phase subjects were asked whether or not they had seen it before. Savings on picture completion were taken as a measure of implicit memory and recognition accuracy as a measure of explicit memory. All age groups showed significant savings and, when performance was calculated as a proportion of the initial score, no developmental trend was evident. Savings were greater after one hour than two weeks. After one hour all age groups could reliably distinguish pictures they had seen in the learning phase from those presented for the first time after the retention interval. Similar results were found after two weeks with the exception of the 3−year-olds who were very poor at remembering which pictures they had seen before. Where analysis was possible it was found that savings scores were not correlated significantly with recognition accuracy. This, combined with the differential effects of age on the implicit and explicit components of the task, suggests that different memory systems may underlie performance on the two tasks

Age groups · Audiology · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Implicit memory · Stimulus (psychology) · Demography · Medicine · Memory Processes and Influences · Psychology

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