Prevalence and Self-Perceived Experiences With the Use of Hormonal Contraceptives Among Competitive Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes in Norway
The Fendura Project
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5285525 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tina P Engseth (0000-0002-1823-7087, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, corresponding author), Erik Andersson (0000-0003-4433-1218, UiT The Arctic University of Norway), Erik P Andersson, Guro Strøm Solli (0000-0002-7354-8910, Nord University), Bente Morseth (0000-0002-7973-0342, UiT The Arctic University of Norway), Tor Oskar Thomassen (UiT The Arctic University of Norway), Dionne A Noordhof (0000-0002-1630-4696, Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Øyvind Sandbakk (0000-0002-9014-5152, Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Boye Welde (0000-0003-3805-1615, UiT The Arctic University of Norway) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 4 |
| Pages | 873222-873222 |
| Publication date | 2022-04-14 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2624-9367 • E-ISSN: 2624-9367 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fspor.2022.873222 |
| PMID | 35498528 |
| OpenAlex | W4224067206 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 20 |
PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use by female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes competing at a national and/or international level, their reasons for HC use, and to compare negative symptoms related to the HC-/menstrual cycle in HC users and non-HC users. Additionally, to characterize the self-perceived influence of HC use on training and performance.MethodsA total of 113 Norwegian competitive XC skiers and biathletes completed an online questionnaire including both closed and open-ended questions. The questions were designed to assess the type of HC, reasons for use, self-reported negative symptoms related to HC-/menstrual cycle, as well as athletes' experiences regarding how HC use affects training and performance.ResultsIn total, 68% of all the athletes used HC, with 64 and 36% of them using a progestin-only and combined type HC, respectively. Non-contraceptive reasons for HC use were reported by 51% of the progestin-only HC users vs. 75% of the combined HC users (P = 0.039), with reduction of negative menstrual-related symptoms as the most common reason. Of the athletes reporting regular withdrawal bleedings in connection to HC use, 80% of the progestin-only and 86% of combined HC users experienced negative menstrual-related symptoms, which was comparable to the non-HC group (86%). The majority (81%) of HC users experienced solely positive, or no effect, of HC use on training and performance, with no differences between progestin-only and combined HC users (P = 0.942).ConclusionsIn total, 68% of the XC skiers and biathletes used HC, with the highest proportion (64%) using a progestin-only HC. Many athletes used HC to manipulate their menstrual cycle due to perceived negative menstrual-related symptoms that interfered with their training sessions and/or competitions
Athletes · Gynecology · Hormone · Menstrual cycle · Norwegian · Obstetrics · Physical therapy · Progestin · Demography · Hormonal and reproductive studies · Medicine · Menstrual Health and Disorders · Muscle metabolism and nutrition · Psychology · Internal Medicine
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| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2024 (2) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 3 |