Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Face Masks Impair Basic Emotion Recognition

Group Effects and Individual Variability

Bibliographic Data

ID5338968
AuthorsSarah D Mccrackin (0000-0002-3216-3600, McGill University), Francesca Capozzi (0000-0002-0062-437X, McGill University), Florence Mayrand (0000-0001-9527-1046, McGill University), Jelena Ristic (0000-0002-6046-9682, McGill University)
Year2023
Volume54
Issue1-2
Pages4-15
Publication date2023-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1864-9335 • E-ISSN: 2151-2590
PublisherHogrefe Publishing Group (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1027/1864-9335/a000470
OpenAlexW4213068685
LanguageEN
Citations received11
References cited67

With the widespread adoption of masks, there is a need for understanding how facial obstruction affects emotion recognition. We asked 120 participants to identify emotions from faces with and without masks. We also examined if recognition performance was related to autistic traits and personality. Masks impacted recognition of expressions with diagnostic lower face features the most and those with diagnostic upper face features the least. Persons with higher autistic traits were worse at identifying unmasked expressions, while persons with lower extraversion and higher agreeableness were better at recognizing masked expressions. These results show that different features play different roles in emotion recognition and suggest that obscuring features affects social communication differently as a function of autistic traits and personality

Agreeableness · Big Five personality traits · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Emotion recognition · Extraversion and introversion · Face (sociological concept) · Face perception · Facial expression · Facial recognition system · Pattern recognition (psychology) · Perception · Personality · Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies · Communication · Face Recognition and Perception · Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Effects of mask use and other‐race on face perception, emotion recognition, and social distancing during the Covid‐19 pandemic

    Open Access•Evrim Gulbetekin, Arda Fidancı et al.•Asian Journal Of Social Psychology•2023

  • Understanding Others in Moments of Crisis” A Special Issue of Social Psychology

    Dana Schneider, Pascal Burgmer et al.•Social Psychology•2023

  • Incomplete Faces Do but Masked Faces Do Not Affect Mind Perception

    Open Access•Farid Pazhoohi, Keina Aoki et al.•Psychological Reports•2024

  • Improving masked communication

    Open Access•Sarah D Mccrackin, Jelena Ristic•Frontiers in Communication•2024

  • Why We Mimic Emotions Even When No One is Watching

    Open Access•Michal Olszanowski, Monika Wróbel•Emotion Review•2024

  • Confidently recognizing facial emotion

    Open Access•Sajedeh Tabesh, Ali Zia-Tohidi et al.•Current Psychology•2025

  • Face masks drive increased rational decision-making

    Open Access•Ramzi Fatfouta, Yulia Oganian•Current Psychology•2023

  • Face masks do not hinder gaze-triggered social attention

    Open Access•Yoshihiko Tanaka, Kenta Ishikawa et al.•Psychological Research•2026

  • From Emotional Detection of Dynamic Stimuli to Facial Identity Recognition

    Open Access•Emanuela Bartolini, Giulia Prete et al.•Research on Aging•2026

  • Robust Medusa effect across facial manipulations

    Open Access•Jing Han, Kyoshiro Sasaki et al.•Cognition•2026

  • A Re-Exploration of our Unconscious

    Open Access•Myron Tsikandilakis, Persefoni Bali et al.•Integrative Psychological and…•2025

  • Handbook of personality theory and research

    Edgar F Borgatta•Handbook of personality theory…•1968

  • Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks

    Open Access•Nancy H L Leung, Daniel K W Chu et al.•Nature Medicine•2020

  • Social Class, Contextualism, and Empathic Accuracy

    Open Access•Michael W Kraus, Serge Côté et al.•Psychological Science•2010

  • To mask or not to mask

    Open Access•Steffen E Eikenberry, Marina Mancuso et al.•Infectious Disease Modelling•2020

  • Forest before trees

    Open Access•David Navon•Cognitive Psychology•1977

  • Basic Emotions

    Paul Ekman•Handbook of Cognition and Emotion•1999

  • Wearing Face Masks Strongly Confuses Counterparts in Reading Emotions

    Open Access•Claus-Christian Carbon•Frontiers in Psychology•2020

  • The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)

    Open Access•Simon Baron‐cohen, Simon Baron-Cohen et al.•Journal of Autism and Developmental…•2001

  • Context in Emotion Perception

    Open Access•Lisa Feldman Barrett, Batja Mesquita et al.•Current Directions in Psychological…•2011

  • Erroneous analyses of interactions in neuroscience

    Open Access•Sander Nieuwenhuis, Birte U Forstmann et al.•Nature Neuroscience•2011

  • Effect of Face Masks on Interpersonal Communication During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Nour Mheidly, Mohamad Y Fares et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2020

  • Veiled Emotions

    Open Access•Agneta H Fischer, Agneta Fischer et al.•Social Psychological and…•2012

  • An investigation of global-local processing bias in a large sample of typical individuals varying in autism traits

    Open Access•Dana A Hayward, Can Fenerci et al.•Consciousness and Cognition•2018

  • Personality and the structure of the nonverbal communication of emotion

    Open Access•Michael R Cunningham•Journal of Personality•1977

  • Age-related differences in emotion recognition ability

    Aire Mill, Jüri Allik et al.•Emotion•2009

  • The voluntary control of facial action units in adults

    Pierre Gosselin, Mélanie Perron et al.•Emotion•2010

  • Age Differences in Emotion Recognition Skills and the Visual Scanning of Emotion Faces

    Susan Sullivan, Ted Ruffman et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2007

  • Eyes as windows to the soul

    Open Access•John F Rauthmann, Christian Seubert et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2012

  • The Duchenne smile

    Paul Ekman, Richard J Davidson et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • To thine own self be true

    Lauren J Human, Jeremy C Biesanz et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2014

  • Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups

    Veronica Benet-Martinez, Oliver P John•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Do extraverts get more bang for the buck? Refining the affective-reactivity hypothesis of extraversion

    Luke D Smillie, Andrew J Cooper et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • Facial signs of emotional experience

    Paul Ekman, Wallace V Freisen et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1980

  • Automaticity of chronically accessible constructs in person × situation effects on person perception

    John A Bargh, Wendy J Lombardi et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  • Groups Make Better Self-Interested Decisions

    Open Access•Gary Charne, Gary Charness et al.•The Journal of Economic…•2012

Unique citing works11
Citations per year3,67
Citation span2023 - 2026 (4)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 10

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae