Looking for the missing link in the evolution of black inks
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5407798 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Grzegorz Nehring (0000-0003-3908-5702, Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing, corresponding author), Olivier Bonnerot (0000-0001-8196-4992, Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing), Marius Gerhardt (0000-0003-1457-7321), Myriam Krutzsch, Ira Rabin (0000-0002-8994-1653, Universität Hamburg) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Publication date | 2021-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1866-9557 • E-ISSN: 1866-9565 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12520-021-01320-5 |
| OpenAlex | W3143176354 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 8 |
| References cited | 12 |
In the transition from carbon to iron-gall inks, the two documents from the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection in Berlin with shelfmarks P 13500 and P 13501 discussed in this work present an important case. Their inks appear brownish, although they date back to the fourth and third century BCE, when carbon inks are believed to have been commonly if not exclusively used. Using imaging micro-X-ray fluorescence and infrared reflectography, we discovered that the inks in both documents contain a significant amount of copper in addition to carbon. Comparing the extant recipes for black writing inks and the experimental evidence, we suggest that these inks are a transition between the pure carbon and the iron-gall inks. Such inks may have been quite common before the production of iron-gall ink was clearly understood and established
Art · Biology · Botany · Carbon black · Carbon fibers · Composite material · Extant taxon · Gall · Literature · Papyrus · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Building materials and conservation · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis · Materials Science
Distinguishing between seemingly identical inks using scanning μXRF and heat maps
Distinct strategy using an integrated methodology of innovative and traditional techniques for discriminating superimposed historical inks in revised manuscripts
Florentine papyri under examination
Decoding the scribe’s choice
Unveiling the maniz. cod. 99
Black Carolingian inks under examination. Part 1
Highlighting and solving analytical problems for hunting down hidden information from ancient papyri by surface techniques
Reading the materiality of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri
| Unique citing works | 8 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,6 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2026 (6) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 7 |