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Q Methodology and Qualitative Research

Bibliographic Data

ID5455543
AuthorsSteven R Brown (0009-0002-9700-4691, Kent State University, corresponding author)
Year1996
Volume6
Issue4
Pages561-567
Publication date1996-11-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueQualitative Health Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1049-7323 • E-ISSN: 1552-7557
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/104973239600600408
OpenAlexW2132186017
LanguageEN
Citations received184
References cited6

Q methodology combines the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative methods, and its use in research has been facilitated by recent developments in computer software. Q methodology is briefly illustrated in a single-case study of the subjective experience of health care, and the data generated are used to illustrate the QMethod package, a menu-driven freeware program for mainframes and PCs that facilitates Q-sort data entry, correlation and factor analysis, theoretical rotation of factors, and calculation of factor scores. Instructions are provided for obtaining QMethod, for subscribing to a journal devoted to Q methodology, and for joining the Q methodology electronic discussion group

Data science · Information retrieval · Machine learning · Management science · Programming language · Qualitative property · Qualitative research · Sociology · sort · Computer Science · Engineering · Q Methodology Applications · Software

  • What matters for ‘good work’? Shared perspectives from Work Integration Social Enterprises

    Open Access•Jack Rendall, Michael James Roy et al.•Work in the Global Economy•2025

  • Quantifying Human Subjectivity Using Q Method

    Open Access•Sristi Kamal, Marcin Kocór et al.•Qualitative Sociology Review•2014

  • Understanding stakeholder perceptions of environmental justice

    Open Access•Peng Li, Li Peng et al.•Conservation Ecology•2023

  • A Study on the Subjectivity of Parents Regarding “0th-Period Physical Education Class” of Middle Schools in Korea Using Q-Methodology

    Open Access•Wonseok Choi, Wonjae Jeon•International Journal of…•2022

  • Accomplishments in Social Constructionist Counseling

    Tom Strong•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2007

  • Inter-local government collaboration and perceived transaction costs in Indonesian metropolitan transport planning

    Miming Miharja, Johan Woltjer•International Development…•2010

  • Students’ perspectives of using cooperative learning in a flipped statistics classroom

    Open Access•Liwen Chen, Tung‐Liang Chen et al.•Australasian Journal of…•2015

  • Using Q methodology to investigate the views of local experts on the sustainability of community-based forestry in Oddar Meanchey province, Cambodia

    Open Access•Sareth Nhem, Young Jin Lee•Forest Policy and Economics•2019

  • Social Narratives Surrounding Dolphins

    Jessica Sickler, Katherine Lemcke et al.•Society and Animals•2006

  • A Metodologia Q nas Ciências Sociais e Humanas

    Open Access•Margarida Couto, Carlos Farate et al.•Psicologia•1969

  • Canada’s Sub-Saharan African migrants

    Open Access•P Okeke-Ihejirika, Sophie Yohani et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Reconciling Competing Values in Public Administration

    Open Access•Sally Coleman Selden, Gene A Brewer et al.•Administration & Society•1999

  • Methodology for constructing scenarios for health policy research

    Open Access•Conor M W Douglas, Dimitra Panagiotoglou et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2021

  • Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation

    Open Access•Gene A Brewer, Sally Coleman Selden et al.•Public Administration Review•2000

  • Tales of accountability

    Open Access•Jesper Katomero, Ruth Hoppe et al.•The Journal of Modern African…•2017

  • Operational Plan Non-Renewal

    Open Access•Puja Lamichhane, Lilu Kumari Magar et al.•Trees Forests and People•2026

  • Exploring attitudes

    Ruth Cross, R M Cross•Health Education Research•2004

  • Beyond the Qualitative/Quantitative “Divide”

    Open Access•Cale Michelle, Carolyn Michelle et al.•2013

  • Distinguishing between Types of Data and Methods of Collecting Them

    Jesko Hentschel•1999

  • Why People Co-Produce

    Carola Van Eijk, C J A van Eijk et al.•Public Management Review•2014

  • Kade

    Open Access•Shawn Banasick•Journal of Open Source Software•2019

  • Stories of soil and sea

    Open Access•Yuwan Malakar, Kerryn Brent et al.•Energy Research & Social Science•2026

  • From official blueprint to youth perception

    Open Access•Qing Huang, Yongxin Zou et al.•Urban Studies•2026

  • Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Menstrual Distress during Clinical Practice

    Open Access•Ya-Lin Fu, Chia-Ling Yang et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Making Sense of Subjectivity

    Jaimie Stickl Haugen, Jaimie E Stickl et al.•Counseling Outcome Research and…•2018

  • Barriers to implementing health programs based on community participation

    Open Access•Hassan Mahmoodi, Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad et al.•BMC Public Health•2023

  • Assessing the Cultural Ecosystem Services Value of Protected Areas Considering Stakeholders’ Preferences and Trade-Offs—Taking the Xin’an River Landscape Corridor Scenic Area as an Example

    Open Access•Yue Su, Congmou Zhu et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Inter-organizational Contracts in Sub-Saharan Africa an Exploration of Managers’ Perceptions

    Hélène Delerue, Alidou Ouédraogo•Journal of African Business•2020

  • Perceptions of Smartphone App Use among Mothers Raising Young Children

    Open Access•Keum-Hee Jang, Song Yi Lee•International Journal of…•2022

  • Sustainable mobility for whom? Tradeoffs and consumer segments on Mobility-as-a-Service platforms

    Open Access•Vivian S C Tunn, Wim Van Opstal et al.•Sustainability: Science, Practice…•2026

  • Mapping Discourses of Climate Change Adaptation in the United Kingdom

    Open Access•Matthew Cotton, Emma Stevens•Weather, Climate, and Society•2019

  • Q-methodological exploration of environmental characteristics affecting residential security in hybrid blocks

    Open Access•Y An, Xiangguo Peng et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • Methodological choices in applications of Q methodology

    Open Access•Charlotte Dieteren, Nathalie Patty et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2023

  • Student journalists exhibit different mindsets but agree on the need for truthful reporting

    Greg Munno, Megan Craig et al.•Media Practice and Education•2022

  • Applying Q methodology in higher teacher education for pre-service teachers’ (self-)reflection, learning and professional development

    Open Access•Ines Kling, Monika Buhl•Frontiers in Education•2025

  • Factors influencing the self-awareness of falls in hospitalized older adults

    Open Access•Tianxin Miao, Ke Chen et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Using Q-methodology to discover disaster resilience perspectives from local residents

    Open Access•Jong Won Ma, Fernanda Leite et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Unraveling the multifaceted nature of job satisfaction among migrant healthcare interpreters/translators

    Open Access•Narongdej Phanthaphoommee, Athip Thumvichit•Translation Spaces•2024

  • Trapped in the prison of the mind

    Open Access•Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson, Dominic Kniveton et al.•Palgrave Communications•2020

  • Evaluating English-medium instruction in higher education

    Open Access•Athip Thumvichit, Wutthiphong Laoriandee•Journal of English for Academic…•2024

  • Using Q methodology to analyze stakeholders’ interests in the establishment of ecotourism facilities

    Jae-hyuck Lee•Journal of Ecotourism•2021

  • Do not put all your eggs in one basket

    Open Access•Gretchen Sneegas, Lucas Seghezzo et al.•Water Policy•2022

  • Crafting a Fear Atmosphere in a Ritual Performance

    Open Access•Chunshan Jiang, Xianyang Hu et al.•Journal of Hospitality & Tourism…•2025

  • News Consumers’ Expectations of Journalists Vary by Differences in Journalistic Role Preference

    Open Access•Kate Farrish, Greg Munno et al.•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2025

  • Diffusing responsibility, decentralizing infrastructure

    Matthew Wilfong, Debasmita Patra et al.•Journal of Environmental Planning…•2024

  • Profiling Chinese EFL teachers’ willingness to teach the older adults English through a Q methodology

    Jia-Fen Wu, Chun-Hui Lin et al.•Educational Gerontology•2025

  • Measuring stakeholder preferences for ecosystem services interacting with salmon aquaculture in Tasmania under expansion

    Open Access•N A Pethiyagoda, Emily Ogier et al.•Marine Policy•2024

  • A Q Method Study of Integrated English–Chinese Motivational Systems in Multilingual Education

    Open Access•Jiacheng Zhang, Yaping Yan•European Journal of Education•2026

  • Perspectives on Geospatial Competency in Indonesian Geography Education

    Alfyananda Kurnia Putra, Sumarmi et al.•Journal of Geography•2026

  • Embracing or resisting AI? Mapping restaurant managers' views on AI-based front-of-house solutions

    Bence Csapody, Márk Miskolczi et al.•British Food Journal•2025

  • Stakeholder perceptions of the European Green Deal in Sicilian agriculture

    Giuseppina Rizzo, Claudio Mirabella et al.•British Food Journal•2026

  • Scoring NutriScore

    Giuseppina Rizzo, Serena Mandolesi et al.•British Food Journal•2025

  • Diversity of Chemsex Experiences among Men Who Have Sex with Men

    Open Access•Christel Protière, Abdourahmane Sow et al.•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2025

  • Applying Q methodology to explore food system stakeholders’ perspectives on the marketability of alternative protein products

    Open Access•Erica Conversano, Alessandra Samoggia et al.•Sustainable Futures•2026

  • Sorting Out the Sort

    Open Access•Darla Linville•International Review of…•2011

  • Illuminating insights into subjectivity

    Athip Thumvichit•Applied Linguistics Review•2024

  • An Exploration of Instructional Designers’ Prioritization of Competencies

    Open Access•Fan Yang, Komal Farooq et al.•TechTrends•2024

  • An Exploration of How Students Prioritize Help-Seeking Sources in Online Learning Environments

    Open Access•Fan Yang, Xigui Yang et al.•TechTrends•2024

  • Q methodology and environmental social science

    Open Access•Hannah Della Bosca, David Schlosberg et al.•Environmental Sociology•2025

  • Epistemic justice impossible? Expert perceptions of the participatory monitoring of geo-energy projects in Poland

    Open Access•Krzysztof Maczka, Aleksandra Lis-Plesińska et al.•Energy Research & Social Science•2023

  • A technology to solve the water-energy-food crisis? Mapping sociotechnical configurations of agrivoltaics using Q-methodology

    Open Access•Matthew Cotton, Stephen Langford et al.•Energy Research & Social Science•2024

  • Global gas flaring and energy justice

    Open Access•Godwin O Aigbe, Matthew Cotton et al.•Energy Research & Social Science•2023

  • Food saving matters, but what is it a matter of? Alignment and divergence between media discourse and public attitudes in China

    Open Access•Xueshi Li, Qianqian Chen et al.•The Journal of Chinese Sociology•2025

  • Audience segmentation and climate change communication

    Open Access•Donald W Hine, Joseph Reser et al.•Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews…•2014

  • Scaling-Out Digitally Enabled Integrated Care in Europe Through Good Practices Transfer

    Open Access•Ane Fullaondo, Yhasmine Hamu et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Mixed Method Lessons Learned From 80 Years of Q Methodology

    Open Access•Susan Ramlo•Journal of Mixed Methods Research•2015

  • The qualitative analysis of repertory grid data

    Vivien Burr, Noemia King et al.•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2020

  • Quantifying’ qualitative data

    David Shemmings•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2006

  • Social perspectives on climate change adaptation, sustainable development, and artificial snow production

    Open Access•Deyshawn Moser, Deyshawn J Moser et al.•Environmental Science & Policy•2019

  • Mapping stakeholders' perceptions of agroecological farming practices adoption in Crete, Greece

    Open Access•Penelope Gouta, Vasilia Konstantidelli et al.•Environmental Science & Policy•2025

  • Performative politics of Redd+ experts

    Open Access•Aki Kono, Caroline Upton•Environmental Science & Policy•2024

  • Two Mindsets among U.S. Journalists

    Greg Munno, Megan Craig et al.•Journalism Studies•2022

  • Exploring Preferences for Australian Identity and Implications for Inclusion

    Open Access•Jack Farrugia, Jonathan Bullen•Journal of Sociology•2026

  • Landholders' perceptions on legal reserves and agricultural intensification

    Open Access•Daniel Pinillos, René Poccard-Chapuis et al.•Forest Policy and Economics•2021

  • Teaching research integrity in higher education

    Kerry Shephard, Tiffany Trotman et al.•Journal of Higher Education…•2015

  • Practitioners’ perspectives on the purpose of environmental education

    John Fraser, Rupanwita Gupta et al.•Environmental Education Research•2014

  • The Decision‐Making Process of Film Festival Participation

    Open Access•Ju‐Hee Lee, Do‐Young Chang•International Journal of Tourism…•2026

  • Newspaper Reporters’ Priorities and Beliefs About Environmental Journalism

    Open Access•Christos Giannoulis, Iosef Botetzagias et al.•Science Communication•2010

  • Lessons of Resistance from Black Mothers to their Black Sons

    Open Access•Sohini Das, Jessica Bernice Pitts et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Exploring young people’s understanding of culture

    Victoria Durrer, Garry Kelly et al.•Cultural Trends•2019

  • Stakeholder perceptions of marine plastic waste management in the United Kingdom

    Open Access•Grace E McNicholas, Grace McNicholas et al.•Ecological Economics•2019

  • How organic farmers view their own practice

    Open Access•Lukas Zagata•Agriculture and Human Values•2009

  • Rurality discourses and the role of the social enterprise in regenerating rural Scotland

    Open Access•Christos Zografos•Journal of Rural Studies•2006

  • Identifying viewpoints on innovation in low-input and organic dairy supply chains

    Open Access•Serena Mandolesi, Philippa Nicholas et al.•Food Policy•2015

  • The sceptical consumer? Exploring views about food assurance

    Open Access•Sally Eden, Christopher Bear et al.•Food Policy•2008

  • The building of mining discourses and the politics of scale in Ecuador

    Open Access•Diana Vela-Almeida, Vijay K Kolinjivadi et al.•World Development•2017

  • Competing perspectives on public involvement

    Seth Tuler, Thomas Webler et al.•Health Risk & Society•2005

  • An Evaluation of the Influence of Environmental, Social and Cultural factors on the Socialization of Traditional Urban Spaces (Case Study

    Open Access•Jamaloddin Mahdinezhad, Bahram Saleh Sedghpour et al.•Environment and Urbanization Asia•2020

  • Unravelling emotional viewpoints on a bio-based economy using Q methodology

    Open Access•Susanne Sleenhoff, Eefje Cuppen et al.•Public Understanding of Science•2015

  • How people feel their engagement can have efficacy for a bio-based society

    Open Access•Susanne Sleenhoff, Patricia Osseweijer•Public Understanding of Science•2016

  • Implications of an ethic of privacy for human-centred systems engineering

    Open Access•Peter J Carew, Larry Stapleton et al.•AI & Society•2008

  • Towards empathy

    Open Access•Peter J Carew, Larry Stapleton•AI & Society•2014

  • Contextuality and data collection methods

    Jesko Hentschel•The Journal of Development Studies•1999

  • Integrating divergent stakeholder perspectives for sustainable management of high-altitude ecosystems

    Open Access•Suraj Upadhaya, Beeju Poudyal et al.•Sustainability Science•2024

  • Participatory Q

    Open Access•Pj Macleod, Pj Annand et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Challenges in the Provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care to Refugee and Migrant Women

    Open Access•Zelalem Mengesha, Janette Perz et al.•Journal of Immigrant and Minority…•2017

  • Stakeholder Subjectives Toward Ecotourism Development using Q methodology

    Jae-hyuck Lee, Yong-Hoon Son•Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism…•2015

  • A study on tourists’ perceived risks from Covid-19 using Q-methodology

    Won Seok Lee, Sunwoo Park et al.•Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism…•2021

  • Pining for Martens? Perspectives on a proposed Mustelid reintroduction in south-west England

    Open Access•Roger Edward Auster, Kirsty Frith et al.•Human Dimensions of Wildlife•2025

  • Understanding food democracy through practitioner viewpoints

    Open Access•Julia Behringer•Agriculture and Human Values•2025

  • Q Methodology

    Bruce Mckeown, Dan Thomas et al.•Q Methodology•1988

  • Q Methodology

    Rex Stainton Rogers•Rethinking Methods in Psychology•1995

Unique citing works184
Citations per year3,23
Citation span1969 - 2026 (58)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 168

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