Southern middle powers and the liberal international order
The options for Brazil and South Africa
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5699666 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Charalampos Efstathopoulos (0000-0002-9822-2239, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 76 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 384-403 |
| Publication date | 2021-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal Canada s Journal of Global Policy Analysis (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0020-7020 • E-ISSN: 2052-465X |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/00207020211042915 |
| OpenAlex | W3200471804 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
The current challenges facing the liberal international order suggest there is greater need for reassessing the roles that different categories of states may perform in support of this order. Middle powers appear as leading candidates for a supportive role to the liberal order due to their historical commitment to internationalism, coalition building with like-minded democracies and activism within multilateral institutions. Such orientation, however, is questionable for Southern middle powers that often appear ambivalent in their foreign policies, restricted in their collaboration with other democracies and selective in their multilateral initiatives. This article discusses the cases of Brazil and South Africa to examine the current options for Southern middle powers and concludes that despite certain limitations, South Africa is, overall, closer to assuming a supportive stance towards the liberal international order and its institutions
Ambivalence · Development economics · Economics · Foreign policy · Internationalism (politics · Middle East · Middle power · Multilateralism · Order (exchange · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · World order · Brazilian History and Foreign Policy · International Development and Aid · International Relations in Latin America · Law
| Unique citing works | 4 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 4 |