Why sanctions have not worked
Zimbabwe's experience from 2001-2021
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5761288 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Joshua Chakawa (0000-0003-3380-6820, National University of Lesotho, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 4-6 |
| Pages | 205-218 |
| Publication date | 2023-11-02 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Third World Thematics A TWQ Journal (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2379-9978 • E-ISSN: 2380-2014 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/23802014.2022.2080248 |
| OpenAlex | W4283794450 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
| References cited | 21 |
Zimbabwe has since 2001 been under targeted sanctions imposed by the USA, European Union, Australia, Britain, New Zealand, and Canada among others. This article explores factors surrounding the failure of these sanctions to achieve their intended goals between 2001 and 2021. Arguments were drawn from investigating circumstances under which sanctions were imposed, their nature, sanctions busting methods deployed, and implications for the targets. The regime of former president Robert Mugabe and that of his successor Emmerson Mnangagwa controversially remained unmoved despite these restrictions. The ruling party, Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), deliberately failed to meet benchmarks for the removal of sanctions. To understand the relationship between sanctions and targeted regime endurance, use was made of the game theory. The study found that ruling party political elites have circumvented the effects of sanctions at a heavy cost to the populace. This research is important because it demonstrates that sanctions do not harm their targets but instead pauperise, the majority which they meant to protect and prolong the political life of the sanctioned regime. The act of sanctioning therefore needs to be reconsidered
Harm · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sanctions · Sociology · Economic Sanctions and International Relations · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Marange Diamonds and Zimbabwe's Political Transition
Consequences of Economic Sanctions
Constructing sanctions
Hearing the Noise
Coercive or Corrosive
Outside the box
Sanctions and Democracy
Game Theory in the Social Studies Classroom
A parallel universe – competing interpretations of Zimbabwe's crisis
Zimbabwe’s Economic Meltdown
On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, With Examples from the Case of Rhodesia
Are democratic sanctions really counterproductive
Going Fishing versus Hunting Whales
Sanctions and summits
Building Peace among Monitors? The Monitoring and Implementation of Zimbabwe's Global Political Agreement
Why Look East? Zimbabwean Foreign Policy and China
And They Are Still Targeting
| Citations per year | 1.33 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2023 - 2026 (4) |
| Highly cited | No |