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Motivations for War-related Tourism

A Case of DMZ Visitors in Korea

Bibliographic Data

ID5761593
AuthorsJames D Bigley (0000-0003-1268-1280, Korea University), Choong-Ki Lee (0000-0002-2865-8918, Kyung Hee University), Jinhyung Chon (0000-0002-6367-4251, Kyung Hee University), Yooshik Yoon, Yoo-Shik Yoon (0000-0002-6458-8777, Kyung Hee University)
Year2010
Volume12
Issue3
Pages371-394
Publication date2010-07-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueTourism Geographies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1461-6688 • E-ISSN: 1470-1340
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/14616688.2010.494687
OpenAlexW2050219161
LanguageEN
Citations received38
References cited24

War is one of the world's great tragedies, but it is clear that the history and social outcomes of war as a human experience and event as well as the indirect outcomes of warfare – artefacts, nostalgia, reunions and physical sites with broader historical or environmental significance – serve as resources that can be positioned to stimulate tourism in formerly war-torn regions. The purpose of this study was to analyse the motivations of visitors to the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and examine those findings relative to a review of conceptual research related to identifying the motivations for travel to war-related tourism destinations. An onsite survey was designed and administered to Japanese tourists at the DMZ. The results indicate that five factors could be delineated from thirty-eight DMZ motivations using a factor analysis: opposing political regime; knowledge/appreciation of history, culture, and security; curiosity/adventure; war and consequences; and nature-based tourism. In comparison to a push–pull theory-based framework of ten conceptualized domains of war-tourism-related motivations, three factors indicate a basis in pull forces, one factor in push force motivations, and one factor exhibits both pull and push force characteristics. Managerial implications, which suggest future research directions, are identified and discussed in the conclusion. Résumé: Motivations des voyageurs en zones de conflit: le cas des visiteurs de la zone démilitarisée de Corée La guerre est une des grandes tragédies de notre monde, mais il est évident que l'histoire et les conséquences sociales de la guerre en tant qu'expérience humaine et qu’évènement ainsi que les résultats indirects des pratiques guerrières – objets, nostalgie et sites physiques qui ont une signification historique et environnementale plus large – deviennent des ressources qui peuvent stimuler le tourisme dans des zones jusque là déchirées par la guerre. Le but de cette étude est d'analyser les motivations des visiteurs de la zone démilitarisée de Corée. On examine ces résultats par rapport aux concepts développés dans la recherche concernant les motivations des visiteurs de destinations touristiques liées à des guerres. On a conçu un questionnaire qu'on administré sur place aux visiteurs japonais de la zone démilitarisée. Les résultats permettent, grâce à une analyse de facteurs, de déceler cinq facteurs, sur la base de 38 motivations en zone démilitarisée: opposition à un régime politique; connaissance/appréciation de l'histoire, de la culture et de la sécurité; curiosité et aventure; la guerre et ses conséquences; et tourisme de nature. Lors d'une comparaison avec un ensemble de dix motivations concernant le tourisme lié à la guerre fondé sur la théorie des forces de départ et d'attraction, il ressort que trois de nos facteurs résultent de motivations de départ, un des forces d'attraction et qu'un démontre des caractéristiques mixtes. On a identifié dans la conclusion les conséquences pour la gestion ainsi que la recherche à poursuivre dans ce domaine. Zusammenfassung: Motivationen für Tourismus in Kriegsschauplätzen: Ein Fall von DMZ Besuchern in Korea Krieg ist eine der größten Welttragödien, aber es ist klar, dass sowohl die Geschichte und sozialen Effekte von Krieg als eine menschliche Erfahrung und Ereignis als auch die indirekten Wirkungen von Kriegshandlungen – Artefakte, Nostalgie, Veteranentreffen und auch Schauplätze von größerer historischer oder Umweltbedeutung – als Ressourcen zum stimulieren von Tourismus in ehemals vom Krieg gebeutelten Regionen dienen können. Der Zweck dieser Studie war es, die Motivationen von Besuchern der koreanischen DMZ zu analysieren und diese Ergebnisse in Bezug zu einer Besprechung von konzeptioneller Forschung zu setzen, die sich mit der Identifizierung von Reisemotivationen zu Kriegsschauplätzen als touristische Destinationen auseinandersetzt. Eine Umfrage wurde ausgearbeitet und vor Ort an der DMZ unter japanischen Touristen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse einer Faktorenanalyse grenzen fünf Faktoren von 38 DMZ Motivationen ab: dem politischen Regime entgegenstehen; Wissen/Verständnis für Geschichte, Kultur und Sicherheit; Neugier und Abenteuer; Krieg und seine Konsequenzen; und Naturtourismus. Im Vergleich zu einem auf der Push-Pull Theorie basierenden Konzept mit zehn erfassten Kriegstourismus relevanten Motivationsdomänen, weisen drei Faktoren als Grundlage Pull-Kräfte auf, ein Motivationsfaktor basiert auf Push-Kräften und ein Faktor weist Charakteristika sowohl von Pull als auch Push Kräften auf. Implikationen für das Management, welche zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen vorschlagen, wurden identifiziert und im abschließenden Teil diskutiert. Key Words: War tourismdark tourismmotivationpush–pull theoryKorean DMZJapanese touristsMots-clés: Tourisme de guerretourisme sombremotivationthéorie des forces de départ et d'attractionzone démilitarisée de Coréetouristes japonaisStichwörter: KriegstourismusDunkler TourismusMotivationPush-Pull TheorieKoreanische DMZJapanische Touristen Notes aMean values were computed on the basis of responses to a five-point Likert scale(1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neutral, 5 = strongly agree

Adventure · Archaeology · Art history · Computer security · DMZ · Ethnology · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Spanish Civil War · Tourism · World War II · Asian Culture and Media Studies · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research · History · Law · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts

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Unique citing works38
Citations per year2,92
Citation span2013 - 2026 (14)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 38

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