Commemoration and commodification
Slavery heritage, Black travel and the #YearofReturn2019 in Ghana
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5761702 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Emmanuel Akwasi Adu-Ampong (0000-0001-6285-3875, Cultural Geography Chair Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands, corresponding author), Alana Dillette (0000-0003-2007-1159, San Diego State University) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 26 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 120-139 |
| Publication date | 2024-01-02 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Tourism Geographies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1461-6688 • E-ISSN: 1470-1340 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/14616688.2023.2275731 |
| OpenAlex | W4388001355 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
| References cited | 29 |
In marking 400 years since the first enslaved Africans arrived to Jamestown, United States in 1619, the Ghana government through the Ghana Tourism Authority initiated the Year of Return 2019 (#YOR2019). The goal was to unite Africans in the diaspora with those on the continent, especially in Ghana, through a year-long calendar of commercial and commemorative slavery heritage tourism activities ranging from visits to slavery sites, healing ceremonies, theatre and musical performances, festivals, investment forums and relocation conferences. When a destination tourism product is rooted in a less-than-desirable past, how is 'balance' achieved between commercialization and commemoration? In exploring this conceptual question, we developed a methodological innovation utilizing the social media platform Twitter for data collection. Using a social media crawler coded in Python programming language, we scrapped tweets from the accounts of the Ghana Tourism Authority prior, during, and after the YOR2019 based on hashtag searches. After data cleaning, 1010 tweets were inductively analysed using NVIVO qualitative data analysis software. The findings revealed three emergent themes along a commodification-commemoration continuum: (1) the eventification and festivalisation of slavery heritage tourism, (2) celebrity co-production of YOR2019 experiences through social media and (3) pivoting from a predominantly slavery heritage destination to a destination that focuses on other touristic and business travel. Ultimately, YOR2019 marked a significant push by Ghana to move into a 'Beyond the Return' phase that pivots away from slavery heritage towards a more well-rounded tourism product for roots, leisure, and business travellers. The research established that commodification in slavery heritage tourism does not inherently destroy cultural meanings but provide new commemorative meanings for a new generation of Black travellers searching for more than just their roots
Commodification · Cultural heritage · Diaspora · Economics · Economy · Heritage tourism · Media studies · Political science · Social media · Sociology · Tourism · Tourism geography · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research · Gender Studies · Law · Sex work and related issues · Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development
Roots tourism
The Transatlantic Slave Trade
Slave Route Projects
Global Diasporas
The roots tourism experience of diaspora Africans
Commodification, culture and tourism
Understanding visitors to slavery heritage sites in Ghana
Authenticity and commoditization in tourism
Visiting death and life
Beyond authenticity and commodification
Coups, castles, and cultural heritage
Rewriting the African diaspora
Development of Visitor Identity through Study Abroad in Ghana
Rites of Passage, Routes of Redemption
"Find their Level". African American Roots Tourism in Sierra Leone and Ghana
Tourism in Ghana
Thematic Analysis
| Unique citing works | 4 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4 |
| Citation span | 2025 - 2026 (2) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 4 |