A qualidade ambiental do Sistema Estuarino de Santos, São Vicente e Bertioga avaliada por um bioindicador

Foraminíferos Bentônicos

Bibliographic Data

ID5767074
AuthorsBruno Vanderlinde Damasio (0000-0002-9486-5640, corresponding author)
Year2021
Publication date2021-06-10
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeTHESIS
PublisherUniversidade de Sao Paulo, Agencia USP de Gestao da Informacao Academica (AGUIA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.11606/d.21.2021.tde-09032022-135013
OpenAlexW4221089655
LanguagePT
References cited13

Estuaries located in highly urbanized regions are subject to the most diverse anthropic impacts.In Brazil, methodologies for assessing the environmental quality of these environments are not yet well established.Therefore, living benthic foraminifera were evaluated as potential bioindicators of the environmental quality in the Santos, Sao Vicente and Bertioga Estuarine Systema system located on the Sao Paulo State coast with many anthropic impactsfor studies and environmental management by inspection and regulatory agencies.For that, benthic foraminifera were analyzed in triplicate in twenty-one stations, together with sedimentological and geochemical analysis (granulometry, CaCO3, organic matter and total organic carbon -TOC) and anthropic (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes and coprostanolchemical indicators of sewage pollution) to check possible fauna stressors.Additionally, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to obtain the minimum, maximum, and the average variation in the salinity of the bottom water.The environmental indexes for foraminifera EcoQS, FSI and% TSstd were applied for the first time in this environment.It was found that foraminifera are efficient bioindicators for this estuary.Six ecological compartments, which have different natural and contamination conditions acting on the fauna, are proposed.The first, Upper Estuary, which has high contamination by hydrocarbons and poor environmental quality.The species Ammonia sp.1 proved to be opportunistic and dominant in this environment.The second, Bertioga Channel, which has extremely high TOC values and the greatest variation in salinity in the whole estuary.Thus, natural impacts have led to poor environmental quality, but anthropic influences, such as the introduction of sewage and greater saline intrusion due to structural changes in the Santos Channel, are not ruled out.The foraminifera fauna presented agglutinating species Haplophragmoides tenuis, Trochammina hadai and Paratrochammina clossi.The third, Santos Channel, presented the best environmental quality in the estuary.There, low variations in natural parameters and little contamination favored an assemblage with a high abundance of Bulimina elongata, Bolivina striatula and Pseudotriloculina patagonica.However, structural changes in the Channel due to port activities can alter the natural hydrodynamics of that environment.The fourth, Santos Bay, has more marine natural conditions, and was influenced by sewage contamination.However, it presented good environmental quality and an assemblage of foraminifera with a high abundance of B. striatula and Pararotalia cananeiaensis.The fifth, Sao Vicente Channel, presented more marine conditions, with sandy sediment, little TOC and less input of contaminants (especially sewage), but the foraminifera assembly found was poor, mainly composed of Cribroelphidium excavatum and Ammonia sp.1, indicating bad conditions to the development of fauna.The sixth is the transition compartment, presenting mixed characteristics of the other compartments, with high contamination and variations in natural parameters.It is not possible to establish an assemblage and a characteristic environmental quality for this region.It is believed that in this region the parameters are very variable.It is recommended the joint application of these three environmental indices used for estuarine systems, since results acquired by the analysis of the indices are complementary, enabling a more robust environmental quality assessment

Benthic zone · Bioindicator · Biology · Estuary · Fauna · Foraminifera · Geography · Environmental Science · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research · Isotope Analysis in Ecology · Marine Biology and Ecology Research · Ecology · Geology · Oceanography · Pollution

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