Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Kindergarten Prediction of Reading Skills

A Longitudinal Comparative Analysis

Bibliographic Data

ID5771706
AuthorsChristopher Schatschneider (0000-0002-1700-7685, Florida State University), Jack Μ Fletcher (0000-0002-1181-6721, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Jack M Fletcher, David J Francis (0000-0003-3944-3274, University of Houston), Coleen D Carlson (0000-0001-8050-5671, University of Houston), Barbara R Foorman (0000-0001-9036-3427, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston)
Year2004
Volume96
Issue2
Pages265-282
Publication date2004-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Educational Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-0663 • E-ISSN: 1939-2176
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1037/0022-0663.96.2.265
OpenAlexW2026763889
LanguageEN
Citations received120
References cited35

There is considerable focus in public policy on screening children for reading difficulties. Sixty years of research have not resolved questions of what constructs assessed in kindergarten best predict subsequent reading outcomes. This study assessed the relative importance of multiple measures obtained in a kindergarten sample for the prediction of reading outcomes at the end of 1st and 2nd grades. Analyses revealed that measures of phonological awareness, letter sound knowledge, and naming speed consistently accounted for the unique variance across reading outcomes whereas measures of perceptual skills and oral language and vocabulary did not. These results show that measures of letter name and letter sound knowledge, naming speed, and phonological awareness are good predictors of multiple reading outcomes in Grades 1 and 2

Longitudinal study · Statistical analysis · Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills · Language Development and Disorders · Reading and Literacy Development

  • Le rôle de la conscience phonologique dans l’apprentissage de la lecture

    Alain Desrochers, John R Kirby et al.•Revue du Nouvel-Ontario•2009

  • Phonological skills and their role in learning to read

    Monica Melby-Lervåg, Solveig-Alma Halaas Lyster et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2012

  • Interpreting the early language trajectories of children from low-SES and language minority homes

    Erika Hoff•Developmental Psychology•2013

  • Predictors of word decoding and reading fluency across languages varying in orthographic consistency.

    George K Georgiou, Rauno Parrila et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•2008

  • Preschool instruction and children's emergent literacy growth.

    Carol Mcdonald Connor, Frederick J Morrison et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•2006

  • Testing the Home Literacy Model

    Monique Sénéchal•Scientific Studies of Reading•2006

  • Month-Old Children With Larger Oral Vocabularies Display Greater Academic and Behavioral Functioning at Kindergarten Entry

    Open Access•Paul L Morgan, George Farkas et al.•Child Development•2015

  • Orthographic Depth and Its Impact on Universal Predictors of Reading

    Open Access•Johannes C Ziegler, Daisy Bertrand et al.•Psychological Science•2010

  • The Effects of Preschool Education

    Open Access•Robert C Pianta, W Steven Barnett et al.•Psychological Science in the…•2009

  • From infancy to adolescence

    Open Access•Sebastian P Suggate, Sebastian Suggate et al.•Cognitive Development•2018

  • Early Identification and Interventions for Students With Mathematics Difficulties

    Open Access•Russell Gersten, Nancy C Jordan et al.•Journal of Learning Disabilities•2005

  • Home Literacy Environment and the beginning of reading and spelling

    Open Access•Frank Niklas, Wolfgang Schneider•Contemporary Educational Psychology•2013

  • Why the Simple View of Reading Is Not Simplistic

    Young‐suk Grace Kim, Young-Suk Grace Kim•Scientific Studies of Reading•2017

  • Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Reading Fluency

    Elizabeth S Norton, Maryanne Wolf•Annual Review of Psychology•2012

  • Reading depends on writing, in Chinese

    Open Access•Li Tan, Li Hai Tan et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2005

  • Operationalization, validation, and universalization of the 2025 IDA definition of dyslexia

    Open Access•Adi Shechter, David L Share et al.•Reading and Writing•2026

  • Examining the effects of Tier 1 small-group reading instruction on early-elementary students’ reading outcomes

    Open Access•Katlynn Dahl‐leonard, Katlynn Dahl-Leonard et al.•Reading and Writing•2026

  • Developmental shifts in the role of reading fluency

    Open Access•Beth A O’Brien, Baoqi Sun•Reading and Writing•2026

  • Are Reading Difficulties Associated With Poor Verbal Learning Skills? Evidence From the Fast-Mapping Paradigm

    Open Access•Haitham Taha, Samah Sawaed et al.•Theory and Practice in Language…•2022

  • Efecto del trabajo cooperativo en el aprendizaje de la escritura mediante la implicación familiar

    Open Access•Raúl Gutiérrez Fresneda, Elena Jiménez-Pérez et al.•Estudios sobre Educación•2020

  • Embodied Learning Using Virtual Reality and Mirrors Can Enhance Letter‐Sound Knowledge in 6–7‐Year‐Old Children

    Open Access•Anne Husted Henriksen, Marta Topor et al.•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2025

  • The role of letter knowledge acquisition ability on children's decoding and word identification

    Open Access•Joana Acha, Núria Rodríguez et al.•Journal of Research in Reading•2023

  • Reading comprehension precursors

    Open Access•Laura V Sánchez-Vincitore, Cledenin Veras et al.•Frontiers in Education•2022

  • Testing the Importance of Individual Growth in Predicting State-Level Outcomes Beyond Status Measures

    Open Access•Yaacov Petscher, Kelli D Cummings et al.•Frontiers in Education•2022

  • The Role of the Home Learning Environment on Early Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Outcomes in Math and Reading

    Open Access•Stefanie Vanbecelaere, Kanako Matsuyama et al.•Frontiers in Education•2021

  • Language abilities and phonological information processing mediate the association of spelling with bilingualism and socioeconomic status

    Open Access•Martin Schöfl, Christoph Weber et al.•Frontiers in Education•2024

  • The Influence of Home Language and Literacy Environment and Parental Self-Efficacy on Chilean Preschoolers’ Early Literacy Outcomes

    Open Access•Pelusa Orellana, Maria Cockerill et al.•Education Sciences•2025

  • Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin “Sesbilgisel Farkındalık” Kavramına Yönelik Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Sınıf İçi Etkinlikler

    Open Access•Deniz AKDAL•Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal…•2020

  • A Digital Training Program Fostering Media Sign Literacy in Preschool Children. An Evaluation Study

    Open Access•Yvonne Gerigk, Franziska Freudenberger et al.•Media Psychology•2026

  • Lexical comprehension and lexical literacy at the reading-spelling interface

    Open Access•Julia Edeleva, Zeynep Arslan et al.•Written Language & Literacy•2025

  • Attitudes towards reading amongst kindergarten and Grade 1 children

    Open Access•Lisa van der Sande, Marjolein Dobber et al.•European Early Childhood…•2023

  • Lexical and Sublexical Skills in Children's Literacy

    Open Access•Joana Acha, Gorka Ibaibarriaga et al.•Journal of Reading Behavior•2024

  • The Association Between Emergent Literacy and Cognitive Abilities in Kindergarten Children

    Open Access•Ariel Ne’eman, Shelley Shaul•Child & Youth Care Forum•2023

  • Shared-Reading Onset and Emergent Literacy Development

    Jan Lenhart, Sebastian P Suggate et al.•Early Education and Development•2022

  • Reading Curriculum-Based Measures for Universal Screening in Monolingual Spanish First Graders

    Nuria Gutiérrez, Juan E Jiménez et al.•Early Education and Development•2022

  • Behavioral Self-Regulation as a Protective Factor for Children at Risk of Reading Failure

    Karen F Kehoe, Anita S McGinty et al.•Early Education and Development•2021

  • “Let’s Write Each Other Messages”

    Open Access•Dorit Aram, Coral Ayelet Shachar•Early Education and Development•2024

  • Cognitive and Language Abilities Associated With Reading in Intellectual Disability

    Open Access•Karin Nilsson, Åsa Elwér et al.•Remedial and Special Education•2025

  • Literacy Profiles of Kindergarten Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

    Open Access•Samantha S Vann, Alyssa R Henry et al.•Remedial and Special Education•2025

  • IPad‐assisted reading fluency instruction for fourth graders with reading difficulties

    Open Access•Min Mize, Yujeong Park•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2021

  • Relations of copying skills to Korean word reading and spelling among Korean kindergartners

    Open Access•Jeung‐Ryeul Cho•Journal of Research in Reading•2021

  • Size matters? Rapid automatized naming of shape sizes, reading accuracy and reading speed

    Open Access•Ravit Cohen‐mimran, Rachel Yifat et al.•Journal of Research in Reading•2021

  • Development of a French‐language early literacy scale

    Open Access•Aude Thomas, Youssef Tazouti et al.•Journal of Research in Reading•2021

  • White matter correlates of reading subskills in children with and without reading disability

    Open Access•Alexandra M Cross, Jessica Lammert et al.•Brain and Language•2023

  • Understanding the Dynamics of Dosage Response

    Open Access•Garrett J Roberts, Dominique Dumas et al.•Review of Educational Research•2022

  • Neurocognitive constructs as longitudinal predictors of reading fluency

    Open Access•Jody Samuels, Scott L Decker•Psychology in the Schools•2023

  • Growth on sublexical fluency progress monitoring measures in early kindergarten and relations to word reading acquisition

    Open Access•Nathan H Clemens, Kejin Lee et al.•Journal of School Psychology•2020

  • The Effects of Repeated Reading Interventions on the Oral Reading Fluency of Middle School Students With Reading Difficulties and Disabilities

    Open Access•Kristie Calvin, Kristie L Calvin et al.•Journal of Learning Disabilities•2026

  • Precursors of Reading Performance and Double- and Triple-Deficit Risks in Spanish

    Open Access•Ana María De la Calle, Fernando Guzmán-Simón et al.•Journal of Learning Disabilities•2021

  • The Differential Importance of Component Skills on Reading Comprehension Test Performance Among Struggling Adolescent Readers

    Open Access•Nathan H Clemens, Yu-Yu Hsiao et al.•Journal of Learning Disabilities•2021

  • Sequence Processing in Music Predicts Reading Skills in Young Readers

    Open Access•Paulo Estêvão Andrade, Daniel Müllensiefen et al.•Journal of Learning Disabilities•2024

  • Skill Profiles of College Students With a History of Developmental Language Disorder and Developmental Dyslexia

    Open Access•Stephanie N Del Tufo, F Sayako Earle•Journal of Learning Disabilities•2020

  • Positive effects of the Letterland curriculum on kindergarteners’ word reading skills and engagement behaviors

    Open Access•Theresa A Roberts, Keith Smolkowski•The Journal of Educational Research•2025

  • Beyond phonemic awareness

    Open Access•Paul Gioia, Johannes C Ziegler et al.•Cognition•2026

  • Early Literacy Predictors and Second-Grade Outcomes in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

    Open Access•J Bruce Tomblin, Jake Oleson et al.•Child Development•2020

  • Individual differences in second language reading outcomes

    Open Access•Caroline Erdos, Fred Genesee et al.•International Journal of…•2010

  • Beginning English Literacy Development and Achievement Among Spanish-Speaking Children in Arizona’s English-Only Classrooms

    Oscar Jiménez-Castellanos, Jay Blanchard et al.•International Multilingual…•2014

  • Verbal working memory and early literacy acquisition

    Elena Zaretsky•International Journal of…•2020

  • Orthographic processing efficiency in developmental dyslexia

    Open Access•Beth A O’Brien, Maryanne Wolf et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2011

  • Examining the predictive accuracy and stability of the Shaywitz DyslexiaScreen

    Open Access•Jeremy Miciak, Mallory Walters et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2026

  • Teacher candidates’ mastery of phoneme-grapheme correspondence

    Open Access•Kristin L Sayeski, Gentry A Earle et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2017

  • Assessing preschoolers’ emergent literacy skills in English and Spanish with the Get Ready to Read! screening tool

    Open Access•JoAnn M Farver, Jonathan Nakamoto et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2007

  • Predicting reading disabilities using dynamic assessment of decoding before and after the onset of reading instruction

    Open Access•Anna S Gellert, Carsten Elbro•Annals of Dyslexia•2018

  • Pre-literacy heterogeneity in Dutch-speaking kindergartners

    Open Access•Cara Verwimp, Femke Vanden Bempt et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2020

  • The dynamics of RAN and cognitive-linguistic skills in vowelized and unvowelized Hebrew word reading among children with reading difficulties

    Open Access•Rachel Schiff, Ayelet Sasson•Annals of Dyslexia•2026

  • Professional Development in Phonological Awareness for Early Childhood Educators in Low-Income, Urban Classrooms

    Open Access•Jayne E Jaskolski, Maura Moyle•Annals of Dyslexia•2023

  • A 3-year longitudinal investigation of the overlap and stability of English and French word reading difficulties in French immersion children

    Open Access•Sharry Shakory, Klaudia KRENCA et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2023

  • The precursors of double dissociation between reading and spelling in a transparent orthography

    Open Access•Minna Torppa, George K Georgiou et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2017

  • Latent profile analysis of students’ reading development and the relation of cognitive variables to reading profiles

    Open Access•Leena Holopainen, Nhi Hoang et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2020

  • Multivariate summer school effects

    Open Access•Keith Zvoch, Mark C Robertson et al.•Studies In Educational Evaluation•2017

  • Effects of policy and educational interventions intended to reduce difficulties in literacy skills in grade 1

    Open Access•Jean Ecalle, Christophe Gomes et al.•Studies In Educational Evaluation•2019

  • What does retelling ‘tell’ about children’s reading proficiency

    Open Access•Wenjuan Qin, Helen Chen Kingston et al.•First Language•2019

  • The Structural Relations of Component Reading Comprehension Skills in Kiswahili

    Open Access•Brenda Aromu Wawire, Gorrety Wawire et al.•Reading Research Quarterly•2025

  • Promoting Early Literacy via Practicing Invented Spelling

    Open Access•Iris Levin, Dorit Aram•Reading Research Quarterly•2013

  • Reading‐Related Causal Attributions for Success and Failure

    Open Access•Jan C Frijters, Kimberley C Tsujimoto et al.•Reading Research Quarterly•2018

  • Engaging Struggling Adolescent Readers to Improve Reading Skills

    Open Access•James S Kim, Lowry Hemphill et al.•Reading Research Quarterly•2017

  • Print Learning

    Open Access•Nicole J Conrad, Hélène Deacon•Reading Research Quarterly•2023

  • Family literacy practices and their contribution to emergent literacy skills during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Joana Cruz, Maria Mackaaij et al.•Written Language & Literacy•2022

  • Adjusting content to individual student needs

    Open Access•Adrien Bouguen•Economics of Education Review•2016

  • Contribuição da literacia emergente para o desempenho em leitura no final do 1.o CEB

    Open Access•Joana Cruz, Joana Sara Cruz et al.•Análise Psicológica•2014

  • Rethinking early reading intervention policy in Ireland

    Julia T O’Sullivan, Jennifer I O'Sullivan•Irish Educational Studies•2026

  • A Multilevel Analysis of Asian Immigrant Children’s Reading Achievement in the Early Years

    Guofang Li, Lihong Yang•Frontiers of Education in China•2015

  • Consultation for Teachers and Children's Language and Literacy Development during Pre-Kindergarten

    Andrew J Mashburn, Jason T Downer et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2010

  • Enhancing French Preschoolers’ Early Literacy Skills with a New Educational Classroom Application

    Aude Thomas, Lara Hoareau et al.•Early Education and Development•2025

  • Predicting reading comprehension in Creole Papiamento and Dutch in a post-colonial context

    Open Access•Gil-Marie Mercelina, Eliane Segers et al.•Journal of Pidgin and Creole…•2025

  • English-Language Learners

    Open Access•Kim Atwill, Jay Blanchard et al.•Journal of Hispanic Higher…•2009

  • Building support for language and early literacy in preschool classrooms through in-service professional development

    Open Access•David K Dickinson, Linda Caswell•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2007

  • The effect of alphabet eBooks and paper books on preschoolers’ behavior

    Open Access•Mary Ann Evans, Sarah Nowak et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2017

  • Impact of an Early Reading First program on the language and literacy achievement of children from diverse language backgrounds

    Open Access•Sandra Jo Wilson, David K Dickinson et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2013

  • Does attending a state-funded preschool program improve letter name knowledge

    Open Access•Francis L Huang•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2016

  • Supporting language and literacy development with intensive small-group interventions

    Open Access•Beth M Phillips, Young‐suk Grace Kim et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2021

  • Letter sound characters and imaginary narratives

    Open Access•Theresa A Roberts, Carol D Sadler•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2018

  • Change in language and literacy knowledge for Spanish–English dual language learners at school-entry

    Open Access•Carol Scheffner Hammer, Margaret Burchinal et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2019

  • Children’s knowledge of single- and multiple-letter grapheme-phoneme correspondences

    Open Access•Laragh Larsen, Stefan K Schauber et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2020

  • Predicting ELL students’ beginning first grade English oral reading fluency from initial kindergarten vocabulary, letter naming, and phonological awareness skills

    Open Access•Ummuhan Yesil-Dagli, Ümmühan Yeşil Dağlı•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2010

  • Implementation fidelity of MyTeachingPartner literacy and language activities

    Open Access•Bridget K Hamre, Laura M Justice et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2009

  • An investigation of four hypotheses concerning the order by which 4-year-old children learn the alphabet letters

    Open Access•Laura M Justice, Khara Pence et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2006

  • Digging deeper

    Open Access•Melissa A Collins, Elida V Laski•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2018

  • Using environmental print to foster emergent literacy in children from a low-SES community

    Michelle M Neumann•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2014

  • Early childhood Special education teachers' self-efficacy in relation to individual children

    Open Access•Ying Guo, Jaclyn M Dynia et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2020

  • Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

    Jacob Cohen, Patricia Cohen et al.•Applied Multiple Regression/Correla…•2014

  • Preventing reading failure in young children with phonological processing disabilities

    Joseph K Torgesen, Richard K Wagner et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•1999

  • Cognitive profiles of difficult-to-remediate and readily remediated poor readers

    Frank R Vellutino, Donna M Scanlon et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•1996

  • The role of instruction in learning to read

    Barbara R Foorman, David J Francis et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•1998

  • Language Basis of Reading and Reading Disabilities

    Hugh W Catts, Marc E Fey et al.•Scientific Studies of Reading•1999

  • Rapid ‘automatized’ naming (R.A.N.)

    Open Access•Martha B Denckla, Rita G Rudel•Neuropsychologia•1976

  • Individual Differences in Response to Early Interventions in Reading

    Joseph K Torgesen•Learning Disabilities Research &…•2000

  • On the Efficacy of Reading to Preschoolers

    Open Access•Hollis S Scarborough, Wanda Dobrich•Developmental Review•1994

  • Non‐invasive investigations at Wroxeter at the end of the twentieth century

    Open Access•Chris Gaffney, Vincent Gaffney et al.•Archaeological Prospection•2000

  • Maxine Hong Kingston in conversation with Maggie Ann Bowers

    Maggie Ann Bowers•Wasafiri•2001

  • Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

    Neil W Henry, Jacob Cohen et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1977

  • The Cooperative Research Program in First-Grade Reading Instruction

    Guy L Bond, Robert C Dykstra et al.•Reading Research Quarterly•1967

  • The Cooperative Research Program in First‐Grade Reading Instruction

    Open Access•Guy L Bond, Robert C Dykstra et al.•Reading Research Quarterly•1997

  • Phonology and Reading Disability

    Open Access•Peter Bryant•Language and Speech•1990

  • Dyslexia

    Lynette Bradley, Laura Bradley et al.•British Journal of Educational…•1981

  • Oral language and code-related precursors to reading

    Stacey A Storch, Grover J Whitehurst•Developmental Psychology•2002

  • The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement

    Karl R White•Psychological Bulletin•1982

  • Antecedent probability and the efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns, or cutting scores

    Paul E Meehl, Albert Rosen•Psychological Bulletin•1955

  • Comparing correlated correlation coefficients

    Xiao-Li Meng, Robert Rosenthal et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1992

  • Multiple regression in psychological research and practice

    Richard B Darlington•Psychological Bulletin•1968

  • Dominance analysis

    David V Budescu•Psychological Bulletin•1993

  • Correlations redux

    Ingram Olkin, Jeremy D Finn•Psychological Bulletin•1995

Unique citing works120
Citations per year5,71
Citation span2005 - 2026 (22)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 117
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae