Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The World System of Englishes

Accounting for the transnational importance of mobile and mediated vernaculars

Bibliographic Data

ID5778009
AuthorsC Mair (0000-0001-6549-4951, University of Freiburg, corresponding author)
Year2013
Volume34
Issue3
Pages253-278
Publication date2013-10-11
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueEnglish World-Wide A Journal of Varieties of English (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0172-8865 • E-ISSN: 1569-9730
PublisherJohn Benjamins Publishing Company (PUBLISHER • NL)
DOI10.1075/eww.34.3.01mai
OpenAlexW2018546581
LanguageEN
Citations received83

Contact between and mutual influences among varieties of standard and non-standard English have always been a central concern in research on World Englishes. In a mobile and globalising world such contacts are by no means restricted to diffusion of features in face-to-face interaction, across contiguous territories in space or up and down the sociolinguistic scale. In order to better represent and understand the complex relationships obtaining between varieties of standard and non-standard English in the contemporary "English language complex" (McArthur 2003: 56; Mesthrie and Bhatt 2008: 1-3), the present paper proposes a new theoretical model, based on language systems theory (de Swaan 2002, 2010). While the model is not designed to supersede existing alternatives, such as the Kachruvian (1982) Circles, it will nevertheless complement them in important ways, chiefly because it is better equipped to handle uses of English in domains beyond the post-colonial nation state. The "World System of Englishes" model was developed in the course of the author's work on the use of pidgins and creoles in web forums serving the post-colonial West African and Caribbean diasporas. The way Nigerian Pidgin figures in the creation of a globalised digital ethnolinguistic repertoire will hence serve as an illustration of its usefulness

Complement · Pidgin · World Englishes · Linguistic Variation and Morphology · Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity · Multilingual Education and Policy

  • Vowel variation in English in the Eastern Caribbean

    Open Access•Philipp Meer, Eva Canan Hänsel et al.•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2026

  • A Bibliometric Review of World Englishes (2010-2020)

    Open Access•Li Quan, Quan Li•International Journal of…•2021

  • Shakespeare's Englishes

    Margaret Tudeau-Clayton•Shakespeare's Englishes•2019

  • World Englishes and the Native Speaker

    Open Access•Stephanie Hackert•Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics•2025

  • Global Englishes and the Semiotics of German Radio—Encouraging the Listener's Visual Imagination Through Translingual and Transmodal Practices

    Open Access•Sarah Josefine Schaefer•Frontiers in Communication•2022

  • Irish English as a World English

    Open Access•John M Kirk, John Kirk•Frontiers in Communication•2022

  • Individual Sensitivity to Change in the Lingua Franca Use of English

    Open Access•Irene Taipale, Mikko Laitinen•Frontiers in Communication•2022

  • Pidgin Englishes, marginality and fragility in Nollywood cinema

    Ben Akoh•Journal of African Cinemas•2025

  • An exploratory investigation of functional variation in South Asian online Englishes

    Open Access•M Shakir•English Language and Linguistics•2024

  • ‘Di game show ’bout spellin’ and ting’

    Open Access•Anika Gerfer, Lisa Jansen•English Language and Linguistics•2024

  • The productivity of the Complex Modifier Construction in World Englishes

    Open Access•Turo Vartiainen, Marcus Callies et al.•English Language and Linguistics•2025

  • Recent Grammatical Change in Postcolonial Englishes

    Open Access•Stephanie Hackert, Diana Wengler•Journal of English Linguistics•2022

  • Modals and Quasi-Modals in English World-Wide

    Open Access•P Collins•Journal of English Linguistics•2023

  • Still Changing

    Open Access•Jenny Cheshire, Zoe Adams et al.•Journal of English Linguistics•2024

  • Democratization and Gender-neutrality in English(es)

    Open Access•Lucía Loureiro‐porto, Turo Hiltunen•Journal of English Linguistics•2020

  • Investigating Lexical Variation and Change in Malaysian Twitter

    Open Access•Noraishah Gulnazir, Khazriyati Salehuddin•GEMA Online Journal of Language…•2022

  • ‘I don’t get time only’

    Hanna Parviainen, Robert Fuchs•Asian Englishes•2019

  • A bibliometric analysis of World Englishes based on WOS database

    Jingyue Liu, Yu Zhonggen•Asian Englishes•2025

  • Word-formation in Hong Kong English

    Stephen Evans•Asian Englishes•2015

  • ‘Outdooring’ the Historical Corpus of English in Ghana

    Open Access•Thorsten Brato•English Today•2018

  • Exploring L2 English pronunciation and accent aims among German high school students

    Open Access•Lena Lotte Lenhardt, Philipp Meer•English Today•2025

  • Trajectorial dynamics of English in Rwanda

    Open Access•Bebwa Isingoma•English Today•2025

  • Rihanna Works Her Multivocal Pop Persona

    Open Access•Lisa Jansen, Michael Westphal•English Today•2017

  • Non-World-Standard-English idioms and other fixed expressions in Kenyan and four other African varieties of English

    Alfred Buregeya•Southern African Linguistics and…•2026

  • Superlative Objoid Constructions in British and American English

    Open Access•Tamara Bouso, Marianne Hundt•World Englishes•2026

  • Epicentral influences of Indian English on Nepali English

    Open Access•Sandra Götz•World Englishes•2022

  • Multilingualism and the role of English in the United Arab Emirates

    Open Access•Peter Siemund, Ahmad Al‐issa et al.•World Englishes•2020

  • On models and modelling

    Open Access•Marianne Hundt•World Englishes•2021

  • Comment markers in world Englishes

    Open Access•P Collins•World Englishes•2022

  • Migration, media, and the emergence of pidgin‐ and creole‐based informal epicentres

    Open Access•C Mair•World Englishes•2022

  • The epicentre model and American influence on Bahamian Englishes

    Open Access•Stephanie Hackert•World Englishes•2022

  • Pragmatic nativisation of thanking in South Asian Englishes

    Open Access•Nina Funke•World Englishes•2022

  • The current state of research into linguistic epicentres

    Open Access•Pam Peters, Tobias Bernaisch•World Englishes•2022

  • Theoretical models and statistical modelling of linguistic epicentres

    Open Access•Tobias Bernaisch, Stefan Th Grie et al.•World Englishes•2022

  • British or American English

    Open Access•Behzad Anwar, Abrar Hussain Qureshi•Online Journal of Communication…•2019

  • Language varieties and labor mobilities

    Open Access•Ariane Macalinga Borlongan, Ron Bridget T Vilog•AILA Review•2024

  • Trinidadian secondary school students’ attitudes toward accents of Standard English

    Philipp Meer, Michael Westphal et al.•Journal of Pidgin and Creole…•2019

  • Small island, diverse languages

    Open Access•Anika Gerfer, Lisa Jansen et al.•Journal of Pidgin and Creole…•2025

  • Doing race and ethnicity in a digital community

    Open Access•Theresa Heyd•Discourse Context & Media•2013

  • Playing with accents

    Nico Nassenstein•Sociolinguistic Studies•2020

  • A diachronic corpus-pragmatic approach to democratization

    Open Access•Elena Seoane, Lucía Loureiro‐porto•Journal of Historical Pragmatics•2024

  • Profiling verb complementation constructions across New Englishes

    Sandra C Deshors, Stefan Th Grie•International Journal of Corpus…•2016

  • The Americanization of Nigerian English spelling and punctuation

    Open Access•Temitayo Olatoye•World Englishes•2025

  • Modal verbs in South Asian online Englishes

    Open Access•M Shakir•World Englishes•2025

  • Comparing attitudes toward Caribbean, British, and American accents in Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, and the United States

    Open Access•Eva Canan Hänsel, Philipp Meer•World Englishes•2022

  • Towards a model of world Englishes and multilingual variation

    Open Access•Rajend Mesthrie•World Englishes•2024

  • Post‐protectorate Uganda and current models of influence across Englishes

    Open Access•Christiane Meierkord•World Englishes•2022

  • From code‐mixing to mode‐mixing in the European context

    Open Access•Allan James•World Englishes•2016

  • Indian English in theory and action

    Open Access•Rajend Mesthrie•World Englishes•2019

  • World Englishes and grammatical variation

    Open Access•Cristina Suárez‐gómez, Lucía Loureiro‐porto et al.•World Englishes•2020

  • Variation in world Englishes through the lens of negation

    Open Access•P Collins•World Englishes•2023

  • Reconsidering Kachru's work on Englishes in their multilingual ecologies

    Open Access•Bertus Van Rooy•World Englishes•2019

  • Language contact and world Englishes

    Open Access•Alexander Onysko•World Englishes•2016

  • Variability and acceptability in Trinidadian English

    Open Access•Guyanne Wilson•World Englishes•2020

  • Posthumanism and the role of orality and literacy in language ideologies in Belize

    Open Access•Britta Schneider•World Englishes•2022

  • Parameters of epicentral status

    Open Access•Edgar W Schneider•World Englishes•2022

  • Epicentral influence via agent‐based modelling

    Open Access•Marianne Hundt, Laetitia Van Driessche et al.•World Englishes•2022

  • EFL Adolescents' Use of English in the Era of New Digital Media

    Open Access•Julia Davydova•International Journal of Applied…•2024

  • How real has the long-anticipated fast-growing influence of American English on Kenyan English been

    Open Access•Alfred Buregeya•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2022

  • Conflicts between World Englishes

    Open Access•Tsung-Lun Alan Wan, Claire Cowie•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2021

  • The times they are a-changin’ — and so are the editors of EWW

    Edgar W Schneider, Marianne Hundt et al.•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2014

  • Code-switching in online academic discourse

    Open Access•Loy Lising, Pam Peters et al.•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2020

  • Lexical bundles in conversation across Englishes

    Zeping Huang, Gavin Bui•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2019

  • The interplay of the national, regional, and global in standards of English

    Eva Canan Hänsel, Dagmar Deuber•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2019

  • Transparency and language contact in the nativization of relative clauses in New Englishes

    Cristina Suárez‐gómez, Cristina Suárez-Gómez•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2017

  • Response to Davies and Fuchs

    C Mair•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2015

  • Between first language influence, exonormative orientation and migration

    Open Access•Christiane Meierkord, Bebwa Isingoma•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2022

  • Michael Westphal. 2017. Language Variation on Jamaican Radio

    Open Access•Andrea Sand•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2020

  • Grammatical variation in World Englishes

    Open Access•P Collins•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2023

  • Complementing corpus analysis with web-based experimentation in research on World Englishes

    Stephanie Horch•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2019

  • Conventionalization and variation in computer-mediated communication

    Open Access•Dagmar Deuber, M Shakir et al.•English World-Wide A Journal of…•2025

  • The Norm Orientation of English in the Caribbean

    Dagmar Deuber, Stephanie Hackert et al.•American Speech•2022

  • Infinitival and Gerund-Participial Catenative Complement Constructions in English World-Wide

    Open Access•P Collins•Languages•2025

  • Linguistic ideologies and the historical development of language use patterns in Jamaican music

    Open Access•Joseph T Farquharson, Joseph Farquharson•Language & Communication•2017

  • World Englishes and English for specific purposes (ESP)

    Open Access•K Bolton, Christopher J Jenks et al.•World Englishes•2022

  • Quotative like in the Englishes of the Outer and Expanding Circles

    Open Access•Julia Davydova•World Englishes•2019

  • The International Corpus of English project

    Open Access•John M Kirk, John Kirk et al.•World Englishes•2018

  • The English of Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Open Access•Vildana Dubravac, Amna Brdarević-Čeljo et al.•World Englishes•2018

  • Global reggae and the appropriation of Jamaican Creole

    Open Access•Anika Gerfer•World Englishes•2018

  • ICE vs GloWbE

    Open Access•Lucía Loureiro‐porto•World Englishes•2017

  • Modeling world Englishes from the perspective of language contact

    Open Access•Alexander Onysko•World Englishes•2016

  • The metacommunicative lexicon of Nigerian Pidgin

    Open Access•Theresa Heyd•World Englishes•2015

  • New reflections on the evolutionary dynamics of world Englishes

    Open Access•Edgar W Schneider•World Englishes•2014

Unique citing works83
Citations per year6,38
Citation span2013 - 2026 (14)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 81

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae