Uso do território, normas e política

This dissertation covers the subject of the use of territory practiced the territory by the quilombo community, in the county of Salto de Pirapora, State of São Paulo.When freed from slavery, the ancestors of the current community have received a donation of approximately 80 acres of land.From the 1940s, these lands have become unduly owned by neighboring farmers, through misleading transactions, with the support of registries or the use of violence.Through research sources, we found that this was not an isolated case, occurring in other black communities with origins similar to the one of Cafundó.Within the theoretical foundations accepted, we take as a starting point the idea that the use of the territory is governed by the legal system, which originates from the current technical system, the territory as a rule itself and politics.Thus, Article 68 of ADCT and Articles 215 and 216 of the Federal Constitution of 1988 consisted in the first standards aimed at guaranteeing the ethnic and territorial rights of the quilombo communities.For its effectiveness, such instruments have been regulated to the presente moment for more detailed and specific standards, which define the role of state agencies in the titling of quilombo territories, which is the subject of political disputes involving interests contrary to the communitie's rights.Therefore, since the 1990s, Cafundó has gained recognition as a quilombo historycal, cultural and social value territory, through the agency of its leaders and the mediation of state and non-state external agents.Starting in 2002, it was created the Cafundó's quilombo Kimbundu Remnant Association, a nonprofit organization which aims to promote the integration of quilombo people in common corporate activities, to fight for the improvement of living conditions and to recover their black culture.Despite having participated in its Foundation, the majority of families in the community has not escaped the conflicts that followed the unfolding recognition of the territory, particularly the expropriation of land.Neither the group dispersion according to isolated interests and individual solutions adopted for the support of families.In that sense, for some of the residents, the community is a place to live but not really a collective project.In some cases, the sum of these subjects may be held as an integration with "outsiders" to the community; a reflection of this is the preponderance of external work as compared to the work within the community.In other words, there is indeed a fragmentation of the community in relation to the Association, regardless of the rules underlying the recognition of contemporary quilombos designating the collective ownership of these territories within the Association, which also is autonomous and owns sovereign authority for the management of the use of the territory.Conflicts involve from farmers and businesses companies, to squatter families living in poor socioeconomic conditions, and quilombo descendants who did not live in the community, but were attracted by the prospect of recovery of the territory, now valuable and bearer of new content.The disputes in the governmental field and the local conflicts contribute to maintaining the community in a situation of uncertainty

Constitution · Ethnology · Geography · Political science · Politics · Social science · Sociology · Law · Race, Identity, and Education in Brazil · Rural Development and Agriculture · Urban Development and Societal Issues