Assessing Changes in Inequality for Millennium Development Goals among Countries
Lessons for the Sustainable Development Goals
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5934847 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Madisen Fuller (0000-0002-5364-1544, University of Georgia), Puneet Dwivedi (0000-0001-6272-7473, University of Georgia, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 207 |
| Publication date | 2019-07-03 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social Sciences (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2076-0760 • E-ISSN: 2076-0760 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT) |
| DOI | 10.3390/socsci8070207 |
| OpenAlex | W2954360080 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 2 |
| References cited | 25 |
In 2000, the United Nations adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of eight global development goals to be achieved between 2000 and 2015. We estimated the Lorenz Curve and Gini Index for determining any changes in inequality at the global level with countries as a unit of analysis for eight development indicators (proportion of population undernourished, school enrollment rates, the percentage of women in parliament, infant mortality rates, maternal mortality rates, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) rates, access to improved water sources, and access to a cellular device), representing one MDG each. All of the selected indicators improved on average between 2000 and 2015. An average improvement in an indicator does not necessarily imply a decrease in inequality. For instance, the average infant mortality rate decreased from 39.17 deaths per 1000 births in 2000 to 23.40 in 2015, but the Gini Index remained almost stable over the same period, suggesting no reduction in inequality among countries. For other indicators, inequality among countries decreased at varying rates. A significant data gap existed across countries. For example, only 91 countries had data on primary school enrollment rates in 2000 and 2015. We emphasize developing a global data collection and analysis protocol for measuring the impacts of global development programs, especially in reducing inequality across social, economic, and environmental indicators. This study will feed into currently enacted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for ensuring more inclusive and equitable growth worldwide
Developing country · Development economics · Economic growth · Economic inequality · Economics · Environmental health · Geography · Gini coefficient · Index (typography · Inequality · Millennium Development Goals · Political science · Population · Sustainable development · World Development Indicators · Child Nutrition and Water Access · Human Rights and Development · Mathematics · Medicine · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Discourse, ideas and power in global health policy networks
The impact of the worldwide Millennium Development Goals campaign on maternal and under-five child mortality reduction
Inequality in water supply in India
Measuring Equitable MDG Progress
Global inequality, capabilities, social justice
The Trouble with the MDGS
Mind the Gap
How Should MDG Success and Failure be Judged
Learning from Success
How the Millennium Development Goals are Unfair to Africa
The Impact and Design of the MDGs
Breaking through the development silos
Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5
| Unique citing works | 2 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,67 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2025 (3) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |