Research note
Authoritarianism, racial resentment, and attitudes on the Colin Kaepernick protests
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6011236 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Kyla K Stepp (Central Michigan University), Kyla Stepp (Central Michigan University), Jeremiah J Castle (0000-0003-3627-5922, Metropolitan State University of Denver, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 62 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 1-11 |
| Publication date | 2025-01-02 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Social Science Journal (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0362-3319 • E-ISSN: 1873-5355 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/03623319.2021.1884781 |
| OpenAlex | W3135605782 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 5 |
| References cited | 38 |
In 2016, then-NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick triggered ongoing political controversies by kneeling during the United States National Anthem to protest police brutality against African Americans. Conventional wisdom holds that the public reaction to Kaepernick’s actions was driven by racial and ethnic demographics. In this research note, we suggest two social-psychological traits are key to understanding individuals’ attitudes on the Kaepernick protests: racial resentment and authoritarian personality. Using an original survey fielded in fall 2018, we show that both racial resentment and authoritarian personality were strong predictors of attitudes toward the Kaepernick protests. Furthermore, using a survey experiment, we show that the impact of each trait on attitudes toward the protests is similar regardless of whether racial and authoritarian cues were included in the question wording. The results highlight the consequences of the continuing roles of racial resentment and authoritarian personality in structuring public opinion in the United States
Authoritarianism · Criminology · Democracy · Personality · Political science · Politics · Public opinion · Resentment · Sociology · Law · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology · Sports, Gender, and Society
What Americans know about politics and why it matters
The Great Alignment
The Dynamics of Health Care Opinion, 2008–2010
Racial attitudes in America
The authoritarian personality
‘Agitate! Agitate! Agitate!’
The 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study
Us Against Them
Identity Crisis
The Race Card
The Authoritarian Dynamic
Prius or Pickup? How the Answers to Four Simple Questions Explain America’s Great Divide
The Changing Norms of Racial Political Rhetoric and the End of Racial Priming
Comparing the Accuracy of RDD Telephone Surveys and Internet Surveys Conducted with Probability and Non-Probability Samples
Authoritarianism and American Political Behavior from 1952 to 2008
No, You're Playing the Race Card
Enforcing Social Conformity
The Effect of Survey Mode and Sampling on Inferences about Political Attitudes and Behavior
Racial Resentment and the Changing Partisanship of Southern Whites
Authoritarianism, Threat, and Americans’ Support for the War on Terror
Authoritarianism and Public Opinion on Church and State in the United States
Prejudice and politics
Whites' Racial Policy Attitudes in the Twenty-First Century
Competing Visions of Parental Roles and Ideological Constraint
An exploratory study of black male college athletes' perceptions on race and athlete activism
Understanding Emerging Adults' National Attachments and Their Reactions to Athlete Activism
The Racial Divide Surrounding United States of America National Anthem Protests in the National Football League
| Citations per year | 1.25 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Highly cited | No |