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Lactation in Primates

Understanding the Physiology of Lactation from an Evolutionary Perspective

Bibliographic Data

ID6014693
AuthorsMichelle Pascale Hassler (0009-0005-4749-7960, Aix-Marseille Université), Alexandre Fabre (0000-0001-5245-7772, Aix-Marseille Université), Valérie Moulin (0000-0003-3849-8943, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Lucie Faccin (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Julie Gullstrand (0000-0002-9408-5847, Aix-Marseille Université), Alexia Cermolacce (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Pierre Frémondière (0000-0003-2800-4217, Aix-Marseille Université)
Year2024
Volume4
Issue4
Pages298-309
Publication date2024-09-25
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueHumans (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2673-9461 • E-ISSN: 2673-9461
PublisherMDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT)
DOI10.3390/humans4040019
OpenAlexW4402899014
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited66

Lactation in humans is complex. Understanding the cultural and biological patterns of human breastfeeding requires a global evolutionary analysis that includes observations of other primates. Human breastfeeding may have several specificities, but some features could be shared with other non-human primates. The purpose of this work is to determine what makes human breastfeeding unique from an evolutionary perspective. We consider behavioral as well as biological variables. Human and non-human primates share behavioral characteristics, such as the need to learn breastfeeding skills, and they display an adaptation of the energy density of the milk according to the type of mothering. However, despite having slow-growing, secondarily altricial offspring and rather diluted milk, modern humans spend less time breastfeeding than the great apes, and consequently have shorter interbirth intervals. Milk composition in macro- and micro-constituents changes during lactation, demonstrating evolutionary and ecological adaptation. Among the great apes, the milk of modern humans contains a higher proportion of fats, an equivalent proportion of carbohydrates and proteins, and a greater variety of oligosaccharides involved in brain and immune system development. The microbiome of modern man is less diverse than those of non-human primates, but the presence of HMOs and immunoglobulin A suggests that human milk is particularly adapted to prevent neonatal infections

Biology · Lactation · Perspective (graphical · Pregnancy · Animal Genetics and Reproduction · Child Nutrition and Water Access · Computer Science · Infant Nutrition and Health · Artificial Intelligence · Genetics · Physiology

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Unique citing works1
Citations per year1
Citation span2026 - 2026 (1)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 1

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