When the Shadow Threatens
The Rise of Private Supplementary Tutoring and Its Implications for Schooling
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6060036 |
|---|---|
| Authors | M Bray (0000-0002-5886-1570, University of Hong Kong, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Pages | 1-15 |
| Publication date | 2025-08-19 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | European Education (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1056-4934 • E-ISSN: 1944-7086 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/10564934.2025.2546965 |
| OpenAlex | W4413310501 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 8 |
| References cited | 45 |
Private supplementary tutoring, long evident in such countries as Greece, Japan and Korea, has become a significant global phenomenon. In the academic literature, such tutoring is commonly called shadow education because it mimics aspects of schooling. It is not neutral, however, because tutoring can threaten dimensions of schooling. The paper notes commonalities and diversities around the world, paying particular attention to external shocks, peer pressures, ratchet effects, and changing cultural norms. The paper commences and concludes in the literary domain with Hans Christian Andersen’s story about The Shadow, remarking on possible parallels in the real world of private tutoring
Economics · Labour economics · Mathematics education · Political science · Sociology · Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities · Higher Education Learning Practices · Psychology
Dual roles, dual challenges
Navigating shadow education for higher education access in conflict-affected Syria
The Scope and Dynamics of Shadow Education Among Selected High School Students in Izmir, Türkiye
Undermining Classroom Teaching? Teachers' Perspectives on the Impact of Private Tutoring on School Education in Sydney, Australia
Intersecting shadows
Universities as providers of shadow education at upper-secondary education level
Different contexts, similar mindsets? A comparative study of parental decision-making in private tutoring in Hong Kong and the Czech Republic
Shadow education as local education policy
Shadow Education in Europe
Schooling and Its Supplements
Locked in
Displacing the schools
Education and Social Solidarity in times of Crisis
Education as a Positional Good
Exam cheating among Cambodian students
The Lived Social Contract in Schools
Incentives to teach badly
Shadow education
Neoliberalising Education
| Unique citing works | 8 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8 |
| Citation span | 2025 - 2026 (2) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 8 |