Anatolia and Egypt during the Nineteenth Century

A Comparison of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment

Bibliographic Data

ID6094028
AuthorsSevket Pamuk (0000-0002-7796-2836, Villanova University, corresponding author)
Year1992
Volume7
Pages37-55
Publication date1992-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueNew Perspectives on Turkey (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0896-6346 • E-ISSN: 1305-3299
PublisherAntiquity Publications (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.15184/s0896634600000480
OpenAlexW2498436003
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited13

For the economies of the Middle East, the nineteenth century was a period of rapid integration into the world economy. Some of the forces behind this process came from Europe. In the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain and later the Continental economies began to turn towards areas beyond Europe in order to establish markets for their manufactures and also secure inexpensive sources of foodstuffs and raw materials. As a result, European commercial penetration into the Middle East gained new momentum in the 1820s after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Later, starting around mid-century, commercial penetration began to be accompanied by European investments in the Middle East in the forms of lending to governments and direct investment in railways, ports, banks, trading companies, and even agricultural land. A large part of this investment served to increase the export orientation of the Middle Eastern economies

Business · Economics · Economy · Foreign direct investment · International trade · Investment (military · Middle East · Order (exchange · Political science · Islamic Studies and History · Finance

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