Effects of failure on subsequent performance
The importance of self-defining goals
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6198312 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Joachim C Brunstein (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, corresponding author), Peter M Gollwitzer (0000-0003-4872-2929, University of Konstanz) |
| Year | 1996 |
| Volume | 70 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 395-407 |
| Publication date | 1996-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.70.2.395 |
| PMID | 8636891 |
| OpenAlex | W2025279221 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 133 |
| References cited | 16 |
Extending R.A. Wicklund and P.M. Gollwitzer's (1982) self-completion theory, 2 experiments examined the role of self-defining goals in predicting performance effects of failure among students committed to professional goals such as becoming a physician (Experiment 1) or a computer scientist (Experiment 2). Results of Experiment 1 revealed that failure on a task characterized as being relevant to students' professional self-definition led to (a) enhanced performance on a subsequent task relevant to the same self-definition and (b) impaired performance on a subsequent task unrelated to the self-definition challenged through prior failure. Experiment 2 replicated these findings. In addition, performance effects due to self-definitional failure were annulled when participants experience intermittent social recognition for the aspired-to-self-definition.
Cognitive psychology · Self-concept · Task (project management · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness · Emotional Intelligence and Performance · Psychological and Educational Research Studies · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
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Choice of Difficult Tasks as a Strategy of Compensating for Identity-Relevant Failure
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Subjective Uncertainty and Intergroup Discrimination in the Minimal Group Situation
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Psychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption
Reactions to self‐discrepant feedback
Causal attribution, cognitive interference, and the generalization of learned helplessness
Cognitive interference and learned helplessness
Efficiency under record performance demands
The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
Admission of failure and symbolic self-completion
Choking under pressure
Reassertion and giving up
Personal helplessness and action control
Motivational and functional helplessness
Self-symbolizing and the neglect of others' perspectives
Test anxiety and direction of attention
| Unique citing works | 79 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,59 |
| Citation span | 1997 - 2026 (30) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 119 |