Learning and memory for personality prototypes
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6202298 |
|---|---|
| Authors | John D Mayer (0000-0003-1644-707X, New York College of Health Professions), Gordon H Bower |
| Year | 1986 |
| Volume | 51 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 473-492 |
| Publication date | 1986-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.51.3.473 |
| PMID | 3761144 |
| OpenAlex | W1977934835 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 20 |
| References cited | 3 |
Although personality traits are commonly assumed to be represented in memory as schemata, little research has addressed whether such schemata can be learned from observation. Subjects in three studies classified 60 person instances into group members and nonmembers as defined by the instances' match to a complex personality prototype. To simulate learning of fuzzy categories, each person instance provided conflicting cues to group membership. Learning for instances' group membership was excellent across studies. In Study 1, frequency of cues indicating group membership was greatly overestimated among nongroup instances. In Study 2, schema-consistent memory bias was revealed for person instances. In Study 3, schemata of consistently positive (or negative) traits were learned faster than arbitrary schemata. The findings implicated frequency sensitivity of memory (Estes, 1986), and a model of probabilistic cued-memory retrieval was developed to account for the effects. The findings were then discussed in relation to everyday cognitive performance.
Big Five personality traits · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Cued speech · Developmental psychology · Personality · Probabilistic logic · Schema (genetic algorithms · Artificial Intelligence · Child and Animal Learning Development · Cognitive Abilities and Testing · Educational Games and Gamification · Personality Disorders and Psychopathology · Personality Traits and Psychology · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
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Invisibility of Black women
Effects of Processing Style and Age on Schema Acquisition
Reality Construction and Presentational Language
| Unique citing works | 13 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,51 |
| Citation span | 1987 - 2016 (30) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 18 |