Paradoxical effects of supportive audiences on performance under pressure
The home field disadvantage in sports championships
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6204485 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Roy F Baumeister (0000-0003-1413-3296, Case Western Reserve University), Andrew Steinhilber |
| Year | 1984 |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 85-93 |
| Publication date | 1984-07-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0022-3514.47.1.85 |
| OpenAlex | W2170891493 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 34 |
| References cited | 20 |
On the basis of recent research on self-presentation and self-attention, we predicted that the presence of supportive audiences might be detrimental to performance in some circumstances. Specifically, the imminent opportunity to claim a desired identity in front of a supportive audience might engender a state of self-attentio n that could interfere with the execution of skillful responses. Archival data from championship series in two major league sports supported this reasoning. In baseball's World Series, home teams tend to win early games but lose decisive (final) games. Supplementary analyses suggested that the pattern occurs when the home team has the opportunity to win the championship and that it does involve performance decrements by the home team. Similar patterns were found in semifinal and championship series in professional basketball. The present study concerns whether the presence of supportive versus unsympathetic audiences could interact with opportunities for claiming desired identities to cause paradoxical decrements in the quality of performance. Researchers of self-presentation have used terms such as audience and performance to describe self-presentation ever since Goffman's (1959) dramaturgical analysis of behavior. Our study seeks to test self-presentational hypotheses in the context of actual professional performers and their audiences. We chose professional athletic contests because they provide circumscribed, quantifiable performances and because careful records are generally kept. Our hypotheses were derived by the three steps that follow
Advertising · Disadvantage · Political science · Social pressure · Applied Psychology · Law · Psychology · Social Psychology · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts · Sports Analytics and Performance · Sports, Gender, and Society
Is There a Home Field Disadvantage in Professional Sports Championships
Self-defeating behavior patterns among normal individuals
Reversing roles
Heuristics and Biases
Norm theory
The use of statistical heuristics in everyday inductive reasoning.
The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence
Extensional versus intuitive reasoning
Individual differences in reasoning
Clinical Versus Actuarial Judgment
Support theory
The hot hand in basketball
Representativeness Revisited
Heroes or Villains? The Dark Side of Charismatic Leadership and Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior
Home advantage in European soccer without crowd
The place of 'place' in cultural studies of sports
Ambiguity and Self-Evaluation
The Affect Heuristic
Negative reactions to increases in perceived personal control
Public versus private expectancy of success
The trouble with friendly faces
How alike is it versus how likely is it
Cognitive interference
Disputing the effects of championship pressures and home audiences
Ambiguity and self-evaluation
Performance under pressure and its impact on compensation
No evidence of first-mover advantage in a large sample of penalty shootouts
Historiometric Methods in Social Psychology
A review of paradoxical performance effects
Expectations, gender, and choking under pressure
Valence of anticipated evaluation and social facilitation
Battle of the sexes
Everyday magical powers
Stereotype performance boosts
The Celebration of Heroes
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Objective self‐awareness as a nonaversive state
Avoiding and seeking self-focused attention
Basking in reflected glory
Number of coalitions and resources as sources of power in coalition bargaining
Inferior performance as a selective response to expectancy
The effects of self-esteem and evaluator demandingness on effort expenditure
The effects of need to maintain face on interpersonal bargaining
The effects of incompetency, audience acquaintanceship, and anticipated evaluative feedback on face-saving behavior
Pygmalion and galatea
Self-awareness and physical aggression
Evaluation apprehension and the social facilitation of dominant and subordinate responses
Self-presentation
Self-focusing effects of dispositional self-consciousness, mirror presence, and audience presence
The organizational functions of the self
A cybernetic model of self-attention processes
What you say and how you say it
Social anxiety, self-presentation, and the self-serving bias in causal attribution
A self-presentational view of social phenomena
| Unique citing works | 34 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,79 |
| Citation span | 1983 - 2025 (43) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 31 |