Persistent high self-focus after failure and low self-focus after success
The depressive self-focusing style
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6204589 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jeff Greenberg (0000-0002-2206-0771, corresponding author), Tom Pyszczynski (0000-0003-4008-3384) |
| Year | 1986 |
| Volume | 50 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 1039-1044 |
| Publication date | 1986-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.50.5.1039 |
| PMID | 3712228 |
| OpenAlex | W2031488268 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 55 |
| References cited | 4 |
Two studies were conducted to assess the spontaneous self-focusing tendencies of depressed and nondepressed individuals after success and failure. Based on a self-regulatory perseveration theory of depression, it was expected that depressed individuals would be especially high in self-focus after failure and low in self-focus after success. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that immediately after an outcome, both depressed and nondepressed individuals are more self-focused after failure than after success. This finding led us to hypothesize that differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals in self-focus following success and failure emerge over time. Specifically, immediately following an outcome, both types of individuals self-focus more after failure because of self-regulatory concerns. However, over time, depressed individuals persist in higher levels of self-focus after failure than after success, whereas nondepressed individuals shift to the opposite, more hedonically beneficial pattern. The results of Experiment 2 provided clear support for these hypotheses. Theoretical implications of these results were discussed.
Cognition · Depression (economics · Developmental psychology · Focus (optics · Outcome (game theory · Perseveration · Psychiatry · Regulatory focus theory · Self-concept · Style (visual arts · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Clinical Psychology · Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology
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Self-focused attention in clinical disorders
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Pathways to Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults
The Social Psychology of Homophily
Gender differences in the experience of body awareness
Social comparison as a mediator of response shift
Early Adolescent Gender Differences in the Use of Ruminative and Distracting Coping Strategies
Mood-induced self-focused attention
Affective confounds in social-cognitive research
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem
Strategy-dependent effects of reflecting on self and tasks
Depression, self-focused attention, and expectancies for positive and negative future life events for self and others
The defeated self
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The Psychological Consequences of Fame
Self‐Awareness, Task Failure, and Disinhibition
Enriching or Depleting? The Dynamics of Engagement in Work and Family Roles
Self-regulation of prejudiced responses
Putting the brakes on prejudice
Depression, self-focused attention, and the negative memory bias
When ego threats lead to self-regulation failure
Does affect induce self-focused attention
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Depressive self-focus bias following failure
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Priming Prejudice How Stereotypes and Counter-Stereotypes Influence Attribution of Responsibility and Credibility among Ingroups and Outgroups
Self-focused attention and negative affect
| Unique citing works | 40 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,41 |
| Citation span | 1987 - 2024 (38) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 48 |