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Perfectionism in the self and social contexts

Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology

Bibliographic Data

ID6204775
AuthorsPaul L Hewitt (0000-0003-4474-8611), Gordon L Flett (0000-0002-4502-6285)
Year1991
Volume60
Issue3
Pages456-470
Publication date1991-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456
OpenAlexW4239426612
LanguageEN
Citations received418

Association (psychology) · Conceptualization · Developmental psychology · Perfectionism (psychology) · Psychopathology · Psychotherapist · Clinical Psychology · Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies · Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Perfectionism and anxiety sensitivity in soccer referees

    Open Access•J J Martínez-Oller, A P Pacheco-Unguetti et al.•Frontiers in Sports and Active…•2026

  • The Influence of Parental Perfectionism and Parenting Styles on Child Perfectionism

    Open Access•Cláudia Carmo, Diana Oliveira et al.•Children•2021

  • Perfectionistic Children and Their Parents

    Open Access•Melania Martucci, Maria Castellano Visaggi et al.•Children•2023

  • The big five personality traits, perfectionism and their association with mental health among UK students on professional degree programmes

    Open Access•Elisa G Lewis, Jacqueline M Cardwell•BMC Psychology•2020

  • Two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples

    Open Access•Reza Moloodi, Abbas Pourshahbaz et al.•BMC Psychology•2021

  • Factors influencing mental health among university teachers

    Open Access•Nannan Liu, Shuang Li•BMC Psychology•2026

  • Music preferences, listening purposes, perfectionism and substance use in Egyptian college students

    Open Access•Nourallah Ahmed, Mohamed Ahmed et al.•BMC Psychology•2026

  • Validación del modelo multidimensional de perfeccionismo en población infantil

    Open Access•Laura Beatriz Oros, Sonia Chemisquy et al.•Revista Latinoamericana de…•2023

  • Feedback systems as interferers in perfectionism

    Open Access•Adél Bartos, Monika Marosi et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2026

  • Neural Basis of Response Bias on the Stop Signal Task in Misophonia

    Open Access•Nadine Eijsker, Arjan Schröder et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2019

  • Multidimensional Models of Perfectionism and Procrastination

    Open Access•Allison P Sederlund, Lawrence R Burns et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Perfectionism, Mood States, and Choking in Asian University Baseball Players under Pressure during a Game

    Open Access•SangJin Yoon, Kazunori Irie et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Examining the Mediating Role of Motivation in the Relationship between Multidimensional Perfectionism and Well- and Ill-Being in Vocational Dancers

    Open Access•Francisco L Atienza, Isabel Castillo et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Be Prosocial My Friend

    Open Access•Álvaro Rodríguez-Franco, Gustavo Carlo et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Exploring differences in creativity across academic majors for high-ability college students

    Angie L Miller, Veronica Smith•Gifted and Talented International•2017

  • Perfect image, depressed mood

    Open Access•Melissa Blackburn, Danielle S Molnar et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2025

  • Parental Threat Perception and Hyper‐Parenting as Potential Risk Factors for Adolescents’ Test Anxiety

    Open Access•Audrey‐ann Journault, Charlotte Longpré et al.•Social Development•2025

  • Perfecionismo, perturbações emocionais e suas relações com o comportamento alimentar perturbado

    Open Access•Leonor De Oliveira, Romero Francisco et al.•Psicologia•2015

  • Perfeccionismo, bienestar psicológico y disposición a fluir en enfermeras

    Open Access•Diorelis Josefina Colmenares, Leonardo Andrés Aguilar Durán•Revista Interamericana de…•2020

  • Young people's perceptions of their parents' expectations and criticism are increasing over time

    Thomas Curran, Andrew P Hill•Psychological Bulletin•2022

  • Are parents responsible for the rise of perfectionism? Comment on Curran and Hill (2019)

    B Soenens, Maarten Vansteenkiste•Psychological Bulletin•2019

  • Perceived Parental Perfectionism as a Predictor of the Impostor Phenomenon Among Filipino Honor Students

    Open Access•Kristin Vy E Austria, Yuichiro C Fukushi et al.•Psychological Studies•2024

  • Self-Compassion as a Mediator Between Perfectionism and Personal Growth Initiative

    Open Access•Jofel D Umandap, Lota A Teh•Psychological Studies•2020

  • Multidimensional Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination

    Open Access•C Douglas Saddler, Laurie A Sacks•Psychological Reports•1993

  • Predictors of Academic Procrastination in College Students

    Open Access•C Douglas Saddler, Joshua Buley•Psychological Reports•1999

  • Perceived Parental Attachment and Achievement Motivation

    Open Access•M Bal, P Matthijs Bal et al.•Psychological Reports•2011

  • Multidimensional Perfectionism and Facial Symmetry, Attractiveness and Approachability

    Open Access•Wei Lin Toh, Sandy Lam et al.•Psychological Reports•2023

  • Randomised Controlled Trial of Study Without Stress

    Open Access•Catherine Lowe, Viviana M Wuthrich•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2021

  • The Psychology of Perfectionism

    D Molnár, F Sirois et al.•The Psychology of Perfectionism•2017

  • Résultats du Pisa 2015 (Volume V)

    OCDE OCDE•Résultats du Pisa 2015 (Volume V)•2018

  • The psychology of suicidal behaviour

    Rory C O''Connor, Matthew K Nock•The Lancet Psychiatry•2014

  • A comparison of two measures of perfectionism

    Open Access•Randy O Frost, Richard G Heimberg et al.•Personality and Individual…•1993

  • Risk Factors for Parental Burnout among Finnish Parents

    Open Access•Matilda Sorkkila, Kaisa Aunola•Journal of Child and Family Studies•2020

  • Towards an Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour

    Open Access•Rory C O''Connor•International Handbook of Suicide…•2011

  • A Conceptual Model and Implications for Coping with Stressful Events in Police Work

    Open Access•Mark H Anshel•Criminal Justice and Behavior•2000

  • The Short Form of the Revised Almost Perfect Scale

    Kenneth G Rice, Clarissa M E Richardson et al.•Journal of Personality Assessment•2014

  • A Meta-Analysis of Perfectionism and Academic Achievement

    Open Access•Daniel J Madigan•Educational Psychology Review•2019

  • Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct

    Open Access•Peter J Bieling, Peter Bieling et al.•Personality and Individual…•2004

  • Perfectionism in school teachers

    Joachim Stoeber, Dirk Rennert•Anxiety, Stress & Coping•2008

  • Clinical perfectionism

    Open Access•Roz Shafran, Zafra Cooper et al.•Behaviour Research and Therapy•2002

  • Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations

    Open Access•B Soenens, Maarten Vansteenkiste et al.•Personality and Individual…•2005

  • The Relationship Between Perfectionism and Psychopathology

    Open Access•Karina Limburg, Hunna J Watson et al.•Journal of Clinical Psychology•2017

  • Grandiose Narcissism Versus Vulnerable Narcissism in Threatening Situations

    Avi Besser, Beatriz Priel•Journal of Social and Clinical…•2010

  • The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour

    Open Access•Rory C O''Connor, Olivia J Kirtley•Philosophical Transactions of the…•2018

  • Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process

    Open Access•Sarah J Egan, Terence Wade et al.•Clinical Psychology Review•2011

  • Resilience to suicidality

    Open Access•Judith Johnson, Alex M Wood et al.•Clinical Psychology Review•2011

  • Domains of perfectionism

    Open Access•Joachim Stoeber, Franziska S Stoeber•Personality and Individual…•2009

  • Positive Conceptions of Perfectionism

    Open Access•Joachim Stoeber, Kathleen Otto•Personality and Social Psychology…•2006

  • Multidimensional Perfectionism and Burnout

    Open Access•Andrew P Hill, Thomas Curran•Personality and Social Psychology…•2016

  • Academic Perfectionism, Psychological Well-Being, and Suicidal Ideation in College Students

    Open Access•Olga Fernández‐garcía, María Dolores Gil‐llario et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Perfectionism, Psychological Distress, and Career Indecision Among Chinese College Students

    Lü Tian, Zhi‐Jin Hou et al.•International Perspectives in…•2024

  • The Personal and Interpersonal Components of Perfectionism

    Open Access•A De Maria, Luca Mallia et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Parental burnout in Romania

    Open Access•Elena Stănculescu, I Roskam et al.•New Directions for Child and…•2020

  • Correlations between Perfectionism and Coping Strategies in Response to Researcher-Selected Vignettes Or Participant-Selected Events

    Open Access•Richard M Wielkiewicz, S Wonderlich et al.•Psychological Reports•2006

  • Perfectionism and Perceived Control in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

    Open Access•Danielle S Molnar, Gordon L Flett et al.•International Journal of Mental…•2020

  • Exercise Caution

    Open Access•Emma Forsén Mantilla, Johanna Levallius et al.•International Journal of…•2018

  • Perfectionism, Motives, and Barriers to Exercise from a Person-Oriented Approach

    Open Access•María Vicent-Juan, Ricardo Sanmartin et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Moderating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationships Between the Three Forms of Perfectionism with Anger, Aggression, and Hostility

    Open Access•Asiyeh Abdollahi, Zhanna R Gardanova et al.•Psychological Reports•2022

  • The distinct link of perfectionism with positive and negative mental health outcomes

    Open Access•Patricia D Simon, Maria Guadalupe C Salanga et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2025

  • Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Perfectionism

    Katelyn C Vala, Brooke J Cannon et al.•Counseling Outcome Research and…•2025

  • The Relationship of Perfectionism and Peace of Mind

    Open Access•Renz Louis T Montano•Psychological Studies•2023

  • Relationships between Perfectionism, Extra Training and Academic Performance in Chinese Collegiate Athletes

    Open Access•Chengjiang Han, Feng Li et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • The Role of an Individual and a Situation in Explaining Work Addiction

    Open Access•Modesta Morkevičiūtė, Auksė Endriulaitienė•International Journal of…•2023

  • Investigation of Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism with Turkish Almost Perfect Scale—Revised

    Open Access•İNci Pinar Ulu, Esin Tezer et al.•Psychological Reports•2012

  • Perfectionism and Self-Esteem

    Open Access•William T Burkitt•Psychological Reports•2024

  • A realist synthesis of websites containing content on perfectionism

    Open Access•Terence Wade, Sarah J Egan et al.•BMC Psychology•2021

  • Leader–Member Exchange

    Open Access•Ying‐Lien Lin, Ying-Lien Lin et al.•Psychological Studies•2025

  • The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale

    Open Access•C Douglas Saddler, Robert L Buckland•Psychological Reports•1995

  • Perfectionism and Prospective Near-Term Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors

    Open Access•Tyler Pia, Igor Galynker et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Parental Perfectionism and Children's Test Anxiety

    Mohammad Ali Besharat•Psychological Reports•2003

  • Perfectionism, Goal Orientation, and Emerging Adults’ Identity Processing Styles

    Open Access•Kenneth G Rice, Frederick G Lopez et al.•Emerging Adulthood•2023

  • The Only way is up? How Different Facets of Employee and Supervisor Perfectionism Help or Hinder Career Development

    Open Access•Kathleen Otto, Martin M Baluku et al.•Psychological Reports•2024

  • The moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between interoception and somatic symptoms in youth

    Open Access•H Eichhorn, L Eileen Leydecker et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Reliability and Factor Validity of a Farsi Version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale

    Open Access•Mohammad Ali Besharat•Psychological Reports•2009

  • Mapping psychological resources and vulnerabilities for inclusive university environments

    Open Access•Elena Commodari, Elisabetta Sagone et al.•BMC Psychology•2026

  • A predictive and moderation model of depression in adolescents, and the creation of the Javier-Aliaga’s single-item scales of happiness and self-efficacy (version 1.0)

    Open Access•David Javier-Aliaga, José Carlos Anicama Gómez et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • The Comparison of Perfectionism and Commitment between Professional and Amateur Golfers and the Association between Perfectionism and Commitment in the Two Groups

    Open Access•Jae Jun Nam, Doug Hyun Han•International Journal of…•2020

  • Perfectionism and a Healthy Attitude toward Oneself

    Open Access•Annamaria Di Fabio, Martin M Smith et al.•International Journal of…•2019

  • Alexithymia, memory of emotion, emotional awareness, and perfectionism

    Lars-Gunnar Lundh, Anders Johnsson et al.•Emotion•2002

  • It Was the Best of Times, It Was the Worst of Times”

    Open Access•Logan J Nealis, Sean P Mackinnon•Psychological Reports•2017

  • Examination of the relationship between dimensions of sexual perfectionism and female sexual function and sexual performance anxiety among Iranian married women of reproductive age

    Open Access•Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini, Nasim Khajavian•BMC Psychology•2024

  • Perfectionism of Academically Gifted Primary School Students

    Slavica Maksić, Kumiko Iwasaki•Gifted and Talented International•2009

  • Predictors of Academic Procrastination in College Students

    C Douglas Saddler•Psychological Reports•1999

  • Multidimensional Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination

    C Douglas Saddler, Laurie A Sacks•Psychological Reports•1993

  • The Role of Parental Perfectionism and Child Temperament in the Intergenerational Transmission of Perfectionism

    Open Access•Diana Oliveira, Carolina Martins et al.•Children•2025

  • Love Lost

    Open Access•Zahra Azadfar, Zohreh Khosravi et al.•Emerging Adulthood•2025

  • What is more likely in orthorexia nervosa

    Open Access•Caterina Novara, Eleonora Maggio et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • The Relationship between Perfectionism and Psychological Distress with the Mediation of Coping Styles and Self-Esteem

    Open Access•Reza Mirzairad, Alireza Haydari et al.•International Journal of Mental…•2016

  • The Preteen Perfectionist

    Open Access•Natasha R Magson, Ella L Oar et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2019

  • Emotional Control Mediates the Association Between Dimensions of Perfectionism and Worry in Children

    Open Access•Nicholas W Affrunti, Janet Woodruff-Borden et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2016

  • Perfectionism, test anxiety, and neuroticism determines high academic performance

    Open Access•Jiyoon Shin, Hyung Jun Lee et al.•BMC Psychology•2023

  • Perfectionistic Environments and Irrational Beliefs on the Transition to Elite Athletic Performance

    Open Access•Yago Ramis, Joan Pons et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Effects of a Hope-Based, Single Session Online Intervention on Perfectionist Students’ Anxiety

    Open Access•Patricia D Simon, Roseann Tan‐Mansukhani et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Psychometric Properties of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory in Ecuador

    Open Access•María Pilar Aparicio-Flores, María Vicent-Juan et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Profiles of Perfectionistic Ruminations in Undergraduates

    Open Access•María Pilar Aparicio-Flores, José María Esteve-Faubel et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Exercise Dependence and Maladaptive Perfectionism

    Open Access•Sebastiano Costa, Paola Coppolino et al.•International Journal of Mental…•2015

  • Coach Burnout in Relation to Perfectionistic Cognitions and Self-Presentation

    Open Access•Peter Hassmén, Erik Lundkvist et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Perfectionism Profiles and Anger Responses

    Open Access•Antonio Jesús Muñoz-Villena, Manuel Gómez-López et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Parents’ Behavioural Control Affects Chinese College Students’ School Burnout and Perceived Employment Stress

    Open Access•Liying Zhang, Luming Liu et al.•Emerging Adulthood•2025

  • The Farsi version of effortless perfectionism scale

    Open Access•Faezeh Peimanpak, Sara Karimi et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

Unique citing works418
Citations per year12,29
Citation span1992 - 2026 (35)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 397

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