Hardiness and health
A critique and alternative approach
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6205783 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jay G Hull (Dartmouth Hospital, corresponding author), Ronald R Van Treuren, Suzanne Virnelli |
| Year | 1987 |
| Volume | 53 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 518-530 |
| Publication date | 1987-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.53.3.518 |
| PMID | 3656083 |
| OpenAlex | W2010035863 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 96 |
| References cited | 5 |
Recent research has suggested that individual differences in the personality variable of hardiness are related to health and illness. Despite some success at predicting health outcomes, there are several theoretical and empirical problems that must be addressed before research on this topic can proceed. Most critical are (a) how hardiness is to be measured; (b) whether hardiness should be treated as a unitary phenomenon or as three separate phenomena associated with commitment, control, and challenge; and (c) whether hardiness has direct effects on health or indirect effects by virtue of buffering the impact of stressful life events. After reviewing the literature and presenting our own study of the psychometric properties of the Hardiness Scale and its subcomponents, we draw the following conclusions: (a) Hardiness is not a unitary phenomenon, but should be treated as involving three separate phenomena; (b) of the three subcomponents of hardiness, only commitment and control have adequate psychometric properties and are systematically related to health outcomes; (c) lack of control and lack of commitment have direct effects on health because they are psychologically stressful; and (d) if there are buffering effects of commitment and control, they are in addition to these direct effects and are situation specific. Such a systematic consideration of the problems and prospects of the hardiness literature should facilitate research on this important topic.
Developmental psychology · Empirical research · Epistemology · Hardiness (plants · Locus of control · Personality · Phenomenon · Scale (ratio · Clinical Psychology · Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Psychology · Resilience and Mental Health · Social Psychology
Relations between resilience, positive and negative emotionality, and symptoms of anxiety and depression
Stability and change in adolescent self-consciousness and empathy
Implications of Item Wording for Hardiness Structure, Relation with Neuroticism, and Stress Buffering
Predictors of existential openness
The Personality Construct of Hardiness
Psychological effects of severe burn injuries
Personality and Health
Personality and Health
Resilience and mental health
Managerial coping with organizational change
Development of a new resilience scale
Dimensionality of Hardiness and Its Role in the Stress-Distress Relationship Among Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong
A Structural Model of Acculturation and Mental Health Status Among Chinese Americans
Hardy Personality
An Exploratory Study of the Hardy Personality at Work in the Health Care Industry
Hardy Personality
An Examination of Hardiness and Neuroticism as Potential Moderators of Stress Outcomes
Hardy or hasty? The influence of founders’ psychological hardiness and impulsivity on AgTech startup innovativeness
Family Resilience and the Management of Fibromyalgia
Development and Validation of the Perceived Life Significance Scale
Lang and Goulet Hardiness Scale
Weathering the Storm of Perinatal Bereavement via Hardiness
Mens sana ad corpus sanum
Valuation of Life
A Functional Theory of Psychogenic Illness
Do Attachment and Hardiness Relate to Each Other and to Mental Health in Real-Life Stress
From Type A man to the hardy man
Salutogenesis
Mediation of Detention Trauma via Perceived Locus of Control
Hardiness and stress moderation
The hardy personality
Life events, fitness, hardiness, and health
Hardiness and its role in the stress–burnout relationship among prospective Chinese teachers in Hong Kong
Hardiness as a Mediator of the Effects of Stressors and Strains on Reported Illnesses and Relational Difficulties in Farm and Ranch Families
Modeling General and Specific Variance in Multifaceted Constructs
Appraisals of Childbirth Experience and Newborn Characteristics
The Relationship of Hardiness, Gender, and Stress to Health Outcomes in Adolescents
The Personality Construct of Hardiness, III
The Heritability of Characteristics Associated with Dispositional Empathy
Development and validation of the Lo’s Healthy and Happy Lifestyle Scale (LHHLS)
Leisure and Health
Leisure Based Social Support, Leisure Dispositions and Health
Leisure-Related Social Support and Self-Determination as Buffers of Stress-Illness Relationship
On dimensionality, discriminant validity, and the role of psychometric analyses in personality theory and measurement
Hardiness
The Personality Construct of Hardiness, IV
The Relationship of Hardiness and Some Other Relevant Variables to College Performance
The Personality Construct of Hardiness, V
What Leads to Wellness
Work centrality and work alienation
A general approach to testing multifaceted personality constructs
Type A behavior, personality hardiness, and cardiovascular responses to stress
Optimism, neuroticism, coping, and symptom reports
Coping ability, stress, productive load, and symptoms
Appraisal of life change, depression, and illness in hardy and nonhardy women
Resilience–recovery factors in post-traumatic stress disorder among female and male Vietnam veterans
Does hardiness contribute to mental health during a stressful real-life situation? The roles of appraisal and coping
Hardiness, History of Abuse and Women's Health
Importance of Macro Social Structures and Personality Hardiness to the Stress-Illness Relationship in Low-Income Women
| Unique citing works | 59 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,59 |
| Citation span | 1989 - 2026 (38) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 89 |