Christmas, Crescents, and Crosses
When Is Symbolic Religious Establishment Permissible
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6231735 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Aurélia Bardon (0000-0002-3325-0458, University of Konstanz, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 66 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 255-266 |
| Publication date | 2022-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Journal of Political Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0092-5853 • E-ISSN: 1540-5907 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/ajps.12645 |
| OpenAlex | W3168184627 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 9 |
| References cited | 21 |
Symbolic religious establishment (SRE), that is, the noncoercive recognition of religion by the state, has become the object of a growing debate in political philosophy. Although SRE is purely symbolic, some have argued that it can be wrong because of the message of political inequality that it sends. The indeterminacy of this expressive argument makes its application problematic, however. The objective of this article is to improve the applicability of the expressivist argument by providing clear guidelines of evaluation of SRE. I develop a three‐step test that helps distinguish permissible from impermissible cases of SRE: religious symbols that are divisive, political, and not appropriately justified are impermissible because of their exclusionary message. One important upshot of the argument is that the appeal to the value of heritage does not provide a plausible justification for the introduction of new religious symbols, and therefore that such neo‐establishment is always impermissible
Appeal · Argument (complex analysis · Epistemology · Indeterminacy (philosophy · Law and economics · Linguistics · Object (grammar · Political science · Politics · Psychoanalysis · Sociology · State (computer science · The Symbolic · Value (mathematics · Computer Science · Law · Philosophy · Political Philosophy and Ethics · Psychology · Religion and Society Interactions · Religious Education and Schools
The Expressive Dimension of Free Exercise
Democracy and Religion in What State? State Projects, Sanitizing Politics, and Fracturing the Demos
The regulation of religion in public spaces
Special Issue Introduction
Conceptual Approach to Understanding the Social Aspects of the Educational Potential of the Islamic Studies
Who Knows Best? Religious Expertise in Making Decisions about Religion
Religion, secularity, culture? Investigating Christian privilege in Western Europe
Alienation, equality, and multifaith establishment
Who belongs to the "historic nation"? Fictive ethnicity and (iI)liberal uses of religious heritage
Liberalism’s Religion
Secularism or Democracy?
Expressive Theories of Law
Battles Over Symbols
Democratic Authority and the Separation of Church and State
Religious Commitment and Secular Reason
Multiculturalism
Unequal State Support of Religion
Democratic legitimacy, legal expressivism, and religious establishment
Beyond Establishment and Separation
Political Liberalism and Religion
Moderate Secularism, Religion as Identity and Respect for Religion
On Noncoercive Establishment
What’s wrong with establishment
Majorities and Minarets
Secularism and Freedom of Conscience
| Unique citing works | 9 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2026 (4) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 9 |