The Kurdish Janus

The intersocietal construction of nations

Bibliographic Data

ID6307085
AuthorsKamran Matin (0000-0002-7675-4242, The University of Sussex Brighton UK, corresponding author), Jahangir Mahmoudi (The University of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran)
Year2023
Volume29
Issue2
Pages718-733
Publication date2023-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueNations and Nationalism (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1345-5078 • E-ISSN: 1469-8129
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/nana.12932
OpenAlexW4321015902
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited50

Existing accounts of Kurdish nationalism can be mapped onto the main theories of nationalism, that is, primordialism, ethnosymbolism and modernism. These theories, however, suffer, respectively, from essentialism, circularity and aporia, manifest in their common inability to digest the Janus‐like character of nations, that is, their display of simultaneous modernity and antiquity. This paper develops an alternative account through a critical application of the theory of ‘uneven and combined development’ (UCD) to the Republic of Kurdistan of 1946. The argument unfolds in three steps. First, we argue that the failure of mainstream theories of nationalism to explain the nation's historical ambiguity lies in their ‘internalism’. Second, we show that UCD overcomes internalism through its plural social ontology and enables a retheorising of nations as interactive products of the geopolitical mediation of historical capitalism's expansion through societal multiplicity. Central to this process was the emergence of nationalism as a defensive and emulative ideology of geopolitical self‐preservation. This involved reversing the sociological and political moments of the originary formation of the British imperial nation. We argue that this historical reversal underpins the Janus‐like form of nations, including the Kurdish nation. Third, we substantiate the argument through a brief case study of the Republic of Kurdistan

Ambiguity · Argument (complex analysis · Developmentalism · Epistemology · Essentialism · Geopolitics · Ideology · Mainstream · Modernity · Nationalism · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Gender Studies · Law · Philosophy · Political Conflict and Governance · Religion and Society Interactions · Turkey's Politics and Society

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