Bargaining in Physical Planning in Israel

The latest research in the field of physical planning in England indicates that there is an impressive rise in bargaining between the planning authorities and applicants for building permits. The physical planning system in England has undergone another process of change in the last decade: a growing flexibility manifested in the change from ‘development plans’, which are binding plans, to ‘structure plans’ that present only general principles of planning to be taken into consideration by planning authorities when granting building permits. Thus the following question presents itself: Are the two processes of change in the area of physical planning related to each other? Is the rising amount of bargaining with planning authorities due to the growing flexibility in the physical planning system; or is the rising bargaining in the area of physical planning, as J. Jowell suggests, due mainly to a more general phenomenon of increasing corporatism in English politics; or to both of them? To put it in more general terms: Is the increase in bargaining within the functioning of the physical planning system related to factors internal to the physical planning system or external to it

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