Evolution of a Wartime Procedure Manual

strategic military areas. So far as WRA was concerned, this meant almost wholly persons of Japanese ancestry who were evacuated as a group from a strip along the Pacific Coast. The assistance to be given came in two stages: maintenance in temporary camps or centers following the mass evacuation and then help on an individual basis in moving on from the centers to normal homes outside the prohibited zone. The problem had many complications. Over a hundred thousand persons were evacuated. Ten centers were hastily set up in out-of-the-way places. The community institutions and services which grow gradually in normal cities had to be thrown together as hastily as the wooden barracks, and then the whole had to be kept running. Services which the government had to furnish were not confined to police, fire protection, utilities operation, and schools, for which municipal experience has developed patterns. Farming, merchandising, recreation, newspapers, hospitals, and drugstores -even the serving of family meals-were all direct government responsibilities in the beginning. Since the centers were not jails or even internment camps, it was desirable to enlist the help of the residents in furnishing these services; to arrange for them to take over responsibility for operating some and to cooperate with respect to others

Computer Science · Vietnamese History and Culture Studies

• Explaining Responsiveness in Collaboration

  Open Access•Thomas A Bryer•Public Administration Review•2009

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