Differences in Appearance-Based Trait Inferences for Male and Female Political Candidates
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6409702 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tessa Ditonto (0000-0001-6503-6651, Iowa State University, corresponding author), Kyle Mattes (0000-0002-9665-8776, Florida International University) |
| Year | 2018 |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 430-450 |
| Publication date | 2018-10-02 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Women & Politics (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0195-7732 • E-ISSN: 1540-9473 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/1554477x.2018.1506206 |
| OpenAlex | W2899993548 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 8 |
| References cited | 76 |
Studies show that automatic trait inferences can predict outcomes of actual elections, but these studies generally include male candidates only. Substantial evidence also shows that female candidates are subject to gender-based stereotypes, which can lead to differences in how men and women candidates are evaluated. This article combines these two literatures to compare the effects of competence, threat, and attractiveness inferences in elections that include women. We use experimental data in which candidate pairs from state and local US elections were judged on these three traits and examine whether those ratings are predictive of election outcomes. We find that although competence matters most for elections involving only men, attractiveness predicts winners in women-only elections. In mixed-gender races, competence inferences predict success when the female candidate is perceived as more competent than the male candidate. Finally, unlike men, women benefit from being perceived as physically threatening in mixed-gender races
Attractiveness · Competence (human resources · Developmental psychology · Political science · Politics · Trait · Computer Science · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Feminine perceptions of Kamala Harris positively relate to evaluations of her candidacy
Beauty Premiums Among Academics
The odd woman out
The Importance of Candidate Sex and Partisan Preference over Time
Who’s “Really” Authentic? The Role of Race, Gender, and Party in Shaping Perceptions of Candidate Authenticity
Physical appearance and elections
Labeling candidates as underdogs in political communications
Thirst Traps and Quick Cuts
When Does Gender Matter?
He Runs, She Runs
Social Attributions from Faces
Inferences of Competence from Faces Predict Election Outcomes
The Impact of Prejudice On Female Candidates
The impact of litigants' baby-facedness and attractiveness on adjudications in small claims courts.
Predicting political elections from rapid and unreflective face judgments
Evaluating Faces on Trustworthiness
Elected in 100 milliseconds
The Face of Success
Voting for Women
Early Processing of Gendered Facial Cues Predicts the Electoral Success of Female Politicians
Women, War, and Winning Elections
Women, War, and Winning Elections
Facial Attractiveness Is Appraised in a Glance
Who stereotypes female candidates? Identifying individual differences in feminine stereotype reliance
Gender, Candidate Image and Electoral Preference
Gender Stereotypes and Decision Context in the Evaluation of Political Candidates
A Bird of a Different Feather? An Experimental Investigation of Physical Attractiveness and the Electability of Female Candidates
Extraversion is accurately perceived after a 50-ms exposure to a face
Appearance-based politics
Competence ratings in US predict presidential election outcomes in Bulgaria
Evaluations of Ingroup and Outgroup Members
Fooled by first impressions? Reexamining the diagnostic value of appearance-based inferences
From women to objects
The efficiency of binding spontaneous trait inferences to actors’ faces
Objectifying Sarah Palin
Uncovering the Origins of the Gender Gap in Political Ambition
Gender stereotypes and decision context in the evaluation of political candidates
Subtle Sexism? Examining Vote Preferences When Women Run Against Men for the Presidency
Gender and Perceptions of Candidate Competency
Gender, Ethnicity, and Ballot Information
When Gender and Party Collide
Traits versus Issues
Gender as a Factor in the Attribution of Leadership Traits
Ballot Photographs as Cues in Low‐Information Elections
Emotional, Sensitive, and Unfit for Office? Gender Stereotype Activation and Support Female Candidates
Attitudes toward a Hypothetical Male or Female Presidential Candidate
Predicting Election Outcomes from Positive and Negative Trait Assessments of Candidate Images
Gender Stereotypes, Information Search, and Voting Behavior in Political Campaigns
Creating a political image
Decomposing the Relationship Between Candidates’ Facial Appearance and Electoral Success
A High Bar or a Double Standard? Gender, Competence, and Information in Political Campaigns
Creating a political image
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making
Looking the Part
The Image and the Vote
Gender Stereotypes and the Perception of Male and Female Candidates
Private Costs of Public Commitments or Public Costs of Private Commitments? Family Roles versus Political Ambition
Facing faces
Reasoning and the weighting of attributes in attitude judgments
What is beautiful is good
Race and gender on the brain
Sex and the Grand Old Party
A face fit for office? Appearance-based competence inferences in high-information environments
Pretty faces, marginal races
Framing the Fight
| Unique citing works | 8 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,14 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2025 (7) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 8 |