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Earthen modeling in the depths of the Sierra Mixe of Oaxaca, Mexico

Investigating the production process of unfired clay reliefs and sculptures in Mesoamerica’s underworld

Bibliographic Data

ID6433398
AuthorsLeslie F Zubieta Calvert, Raffaella De Luca (0000-0002-0227-4465), Adriano Guido (0000-0003-0413-3620), Alessandra Pecci (0000-0001-9649-1112), Domenico Miriello (0000-0003-4647-6947)
Year2025
Volume66
Pages105277-105277
Publication date2025-07-16
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Archaeological Science Reports (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2352-409X • E-ISSN: 2352-4103
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105277
OpenAlexW4412483439
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited26

This paper addresses the mineralogical and chemical composition of earth pastes used in the production of selected unfired clay reliefs and sculptures modeled within a cave in today's Mixe (Ayuuk ja'ay) territory of Oaxaca, Mexico, through a multi-technical approach comprising Optical microscopy (OM), Portable X fluorescence spectrometry (p-XRF), Energy Dispersion Microanalysis by Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA), UV-fluorescence microscopy, Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The analyses demonstrated that no external materials were added to the mix and that manganese deposits were exploited in situ and used as black pigment. In addition, by studying the differences in the natural stratigraphic structure between clay relief samples and those of the terraces on which the clay figures were shaped, we attested that such terraces are natural sediment deposits. The study also includes the first systematic radiocarbon dating and identification of charcoal fragments, thus providing an initial chronological framework for the production of unfired clay figures and the use of this Mesoamerican sacred underworld space

Archaeology · Geography · Geomorphology · Mesoamerica · Sculpture · Archaeological and Geological Studies · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology · Geology

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Unique citing works1
Citations per year1
Citation span2025 - 2025 (1)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 1

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