Introduction

Long after the states of the North came to think of themselves as “free,” forms of enslavement persisted. “Free state slavery” continued to hold Black Northerners in bondage, sometimes using the laws of ostensibly free states, or of the federal government, and sometimes operating outside the law. This slavery was always contested, however, most often by African Americans themselves, but also with the help of white allies

Political science · State (computer science · Colonialism, slavery, and trade · Law · Mathematics