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The Recreation Rationing Spectrum

A Planning Principle for the Fair Distribution of Scarce Recreation Resources

Bibliographic Data

ID6441372
AuthorsWilliam L Rice (0000-0001-5725-486X, University of Montana, corresponding author), Kelsey E Phillips (University of Montana)
Year2023
Volume47
Issue5
Pages1136-1148
Publication date2023-02-17
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueLeisure Sciences (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0149-0400 • E-ISSN: 1521-0588
PublisherTaylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/01490400.2023.2180119
OpenAlexW4321214162
LanguageEN
Citations received3
References cited21

Providing a diversity of opportunities has long been a key tenet of recreation planning. This principle was codified through the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Yet this globally-popular framework fails to extend the concept of diversity it applied from types of recreation opportunities to how opportunities are rationed. Reflecting on foundational research that contributed to the formation of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and our understanding of distributive justice in outdoor recreation, we suggest the adoption of a new principle that extends the core contributions of this research to how we allocate scarce recreation resources (e.g., campsites, trails, or permits) in an age of increasing demand. We present the Recreation Rationing Spectrum (RRS) as an upshot of this reflection. The RRS is simply a principle, or notion, that beckons us to pause and consider how we can fairly and more equitably distribute recreation access (i.e., campsites) on the basis distributive justice.Keywords: allocationdistributive justiceoutdoor recreationrationingrecreation opportunity spectrumrecreation rationing spectrum Notes1 It is possible that some of these "people" represent individuals from the same party or individuals using multiple computers

Business · Distribution (mathematics · Economic growth · Economics · Environmental economics · Microeconomics · Political science · Rationing · Recreation · Scarcity · Economic and Environmental Valuation · Law · Mathematics · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management · Urban Transport and Accessibility

  • A systematic review of visitor preferences concerning recreation allocation

    Open Access•William L Rice, Kelsey E Phillips et al.•Socio-Ecological Practice Research•2025

  • The role of moral philosophy in shaping visitors’ fairness perceptions of recreation fees

    Open Access•Suiwen Zou, Suiwen Sharon Zou et al.•Environmental Science & Policy•2024

  • Examining Pathways to Camping Access in Rural Western U.S

    Hayley A Johnson, William L Rice et al.•Leisure Sciences•2026

  • Social behavior

    George Caspar Homans•Social behavior•1974

  • The Principles of Distributive Justice

    Arthur K Rogers•The International Journal of Ethics•1918

  • An investigation of perceptions of social equity and price acceptability judgments for campers in the U.S. national forest

    Open Access•Joungkoo Park, Gary D Ellis et al.•Tourism Management•2010

  • Coming to Terms with Environmental Justice in Outdoor Recreation

    Myron F Floyd, Cassandra Y Johnson•Leisure Sciences•2002

  • Diversity in a democracy

    Robert E Manning•Leisure Sciences•1985

  • Allocation currencies and perceived ability to obtain permits

    Bo Shelby, Doug Whittaker et al.•Leisure Sciences•1989

  • Understanding Equity in the Recreation User Fee Context

    Gyan P Nyaupane, Alan R Graefe et al.•Leisure Sciences•2007

  • Idealism versus pragmatism in user evaluations of allocation systems

    Bo Shelby, Doug Whittaker et al.•Leisure Sciences•1989

  • Outdoor Recreation Economics

    Open Access•John V Krutilla, Jack L Knetsch•The Annals of the American…•1970

Unique citing works3
Citations per year1,5
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 3

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