What we know and don’t know about deepfakes

An investigation into the state of the research and regulatory landscape

Bibliographic Data

ID6443584
AuthorsAlena Birrer (0000-0002-7141-7028, University of Zurich, corresponding author), Natascha Just (0000-0002-0683-1177, University of Zurich)
Year2024
Volume27
Issue12
Pages6819-6838
Publication date2024-05-22
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueNew Media & Society (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1461-4448 • E-ISSN: 1461-7315
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/14614448241253138
OpenAlexW4398207069
LanguageEN
Citations received19
References cited29

The emergence of deepfakes has raised concerns among researchers, policymakers, and the public. However, many of these concerns stem from alarmism rather than well-founded evidence. This article provides an overview of what is currently known about deepfakes based on a systematic review of empirical research. It also examines and critically assesses regulatory responses globally through qualitative content analysis of policy and legal documents. The findings highlight gaps in our knowledge of deepfakes, making it difficult to assess the appropriateness and need for regulatory action. While deepfake technology may not introduce entirely new and unique regulatory problems at present, it can amplify existing problems such as the spread of non-consensual pornography and disinformation. Effective oversight and enforcement of existing rules, along with careful consideration of required adjustments will therefore be crucial. Altogether, this underscores the importance of more empirical research into the evolving challenges posed by deepfakes and calls for adaptive policy approaches

Sociology · State (computer science · Computer Science · Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Misinformation and Its Impacts

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