Measures for Monitoring the Functioning of Public Administration Institutions, Taking into Account the Legislative Framework and Level of Efficiency

In the process of building a democratic state governed by the rule of law, ensuring the effectiveness of mechanisms for control and supervision over public authorities is a key prerequisite for transparent and accountable governance. This article aims to analyze the legal essence, structure, and challenges of implementing such mechanisms in Ukraine, while formulating conceptual proposals for their improvement to strengthen the overall system of public administration. The research employs comparative legal and formal legal methods, analyzing constitutional and legislative provisions, government resolutions, and judicial practices, complemented by a systemic-structural approach that views control and supervision as integral components of a unified governance framework. The study’s novelty lies in a refined conceptual differentiation between “control” and “supervision,” emphasizing their distinct legal nature and functional roles: control as an instrument of management and enforcement, and supervision—particularly prosecutorial—as a mechanism for ensuring legality and constitutional compliance. The research identifies several systemic issues, including terminological inconsistencies, overlapping competencies, and procedural fragmentation, which reduce administrative efficiency and blur institutional accountability. To address these challenges, the article proposes a set of optimization measures: the harmonization of legal norms, simplification of administrative procedures, decentralization of supervisory functions, and the digitalization of oversight processes through unified electronic registers. The proposed reforms aim to improve transparency, predictability, and coherence in public administration, ultimately enhancing legal certainty and strengthening the institutional foundations of Ukraine’s democratic governance