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Resumo

The purpose of this review is to unveil mechanisms underlying cross-cultural differences in facial emotion perception. We synthesized findings from 105 studies across five thematic areas in facial emotion perception across cultures: contextual influence, processing facial features, display rules and interpretation, affiliation with ethnic and social groups, and emotion conceptualization. Nine key mechanisms were identified to explain cross-cultural differences in facial emotion perception, categorized into attention allocation (attention between context vs. face, modalities, eye/mouth regions, left/right hemifield) and social-cognitive interpretation (cognitive representations, knowledge of cultural display rules, prejudice and stereotypes, motivation, and emotion conceptualization). These mechanisms were analyzed through a two-stage model of emotion perception adapted for cross-cultural contexts, offering a structured framework for understanding how cultural factors influence emotion recognition.

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