Mortality
Transitions and Measures
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 7076002 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jessica Y Ho (0000-0003-3240-6219, Duke University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2015 |
| Pages | 1-5 |
| Publication date | 2015-10-26 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | OTHER |
| Venue | The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (JOURNAL) |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosm126.pub2 |
| OpenAlex | W3113563323 |
| ISBN | 9781405165518 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 16 |
Mortality transitions are one of the most remarkable population changes to occur over the past three centuries and have important implications for societies’ population size, growth, and age structure. Over the course of human history, life expectancy at birth has more than tripled as countries have transitioned from high to low mortality regimes. The earliest estimates based on skeletal remains, burial inscriptions, and parish registers indicate that, from prehistoric times to around 1400, life expectancy was around 20–30 years. The first national level population estimates for Western European countries date from 1750 and place life expectancy in the range of 30–40 years from the mid‐eighteenth to mid‐nineteenth century. By 1900, life expectancy in these countries reached roughly 50 years. Today, low mortality countries have achieved life expectancies ranging from 75 to 86 years. The mortality transitions in most developed countries began in the mid‐eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, with the bulk of mortality declines occurring in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and are considered largely complete. Mortality transitions in developing countries, on the other hand, began much later (mostly concentrated in the latter half of the twentieth century), proceeded much more rapidly, and are still in progress
Archaeology · Developed country · Geography · Historical demography · Life expectancy · Mortality rate · Population · Population growth · Prehistory · Sociology · Demography · Global Health Care Issues · Health disparities and outcomes · History · Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
The modern rise of population
The Decline of mortality in Europe
History of human life span and mortality
The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100
Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970–2010
Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010
The Epidemiologic Transition
The population history of England, 1541-1871
The Importance of Social Intervention in Britain's Mortality Decline c .1850–1914
Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries
The uneven tides of the health transition
Urban French mortality in the nineteenth century
The Changing Relation between Mortality and level of Economic Development
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |