Apartheid and Nelson Mandela (1918–2013)

Apartheid is a uniquely South African policy of racial engineering through which European colonizers tried to ensure their supremacy between 1948 and 1994. Invented by the Afrikaner section of the minority white population, it also aimed at advancing exclusive Afrikaner nationalism. Prior to the institutionalized racialism, British colonial informal segregation had achieved similar effects, although racial mixing and inter‐racial relationships were widespread in a rapidly industrializing society. The apartheid ideology, which was strongly influenced by evolutionist, hierarchical, and racial supremacist ideas, justified the formal separation between racialized groups in South Africa. The Afrikaner Nationalist Party, particularly under its leader, Hendrik Verwoerd, systematized these practices into a coherent doctrine. Afrikaner newspapers such as Die Burger , preachers, and intellectuals used the suppression of the Afrikaans language by the assimilationist United Party as a mobilizing tool, subsequently supplemented with a program of capital accumulation (“Buy Afrikaans only”) for fledgling Afrikaner building societies and banks

Art · Political science · African cultural and philosophical studies · Archaeology and Rock Art Studies · South African History and Culture

• The Opening of the Apartheid Mind

  M J Murray, Heribert Adam et al.•Opening of the Apartheid Mind•1993

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