Hyper‐Reality
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 7078969 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Michael Timothy Ryan (0000-0003-2586-8829, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2017 |
| Pages | 1-2 |
| Publication date | 2017-09-14 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | OTHER |
| Venue | The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (JOURNAL) |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosh056 |
| OpenAlex | W4205847649 |
| ISBN | 9781405165518 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 2 |
The capitalist mode of production has gone through some significant changes (according to Henri Lefebvre, a mutation) in the twentieth century. A number of French social theorists inspired by Marx have attempted to grasp this process with new concepts and theories, especially in relation to new cultural forms and processes (e.g., media technologies) that are no longer treated as epiphenomenal superstructures that are reducible to the economic substructure of capitalism as orthodox Marxists have traditionally conceptualized this relation. Cultural phenomena have become critical forces in the moments of distribution, exchange, and consumption of commodities in late capitalism. The heroic age of the revolutionary bourgeoisie ended around 1910 with the decline of all of the referentials of classic capitalism: clock time, the vanishing point in art, the work ethic and productive values, history, proletarian revolution, and so on. Class strategy has shifted from the organization of production to the bureaucratic organization of consumption and everyday life. The age of simulation begins with the liquidation of referentials, according to Jean Baudrillard. Signs and signifiers have become detached from their referents, from reality, and now refer only to each other. The production and reproduction of the real or the hyper‐real is what material production is all about in postmodern society. Simulations, signs, and codes now structure social relations and social practices rather than the capital–labor production relations of classical capitalism. Modern humans have been set adrift in a sea of signifiers and simulations
Aesthetics · Bourgeoisie · Bureaucracy · Capitalism · Consumption (sociology · Economics · Neoclassical economics · Political science · Politics · Proletariat · Relations of production · Social science · Sociology · Art, Politics, and Modernism · Diverse academic and cultural studies · Fashion and Cultural Textiles · Law · Philosophy
| Highly cited | No |
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