Japan’s defense engagement in the indo-pacific

The France-UK Northwood Declaration of July 2025 marked an important step toward the French nuclear deterrent potentially extending its reach across Europe. Where other European nations will fit in with the new measures agreed between France and the United Kingdom remains uncertain, however. More generally, and in the face of growing transatlantic uncertainty, France might consider a more fundamental revision of its doctrine to ensure credible protection for its European allies

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