Shifting tin imports into the broader Eastern Mediterranean region during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (ca. 2000-900 BC)

Dados Bibliográficos

ID7473418
AutoresWayne Powell (0000-0003-3387-2430, The Graduate Center, CUNY, autor correspondente), K Aslihan Yener (University of Chicago), Cemal Pulak (0000-0002-7874-2261, Institute of Nautical Archaeology), Ryan Mathur (0000-0001-9095-8527, Juniata College), Gojko Barjamovic (0000-0002-7455-946X, Yale University), Boris Kavur (0000-0002-0930-2270, University of Primorska), Martina Blečić Kavur (0000-0002-7626-6484, University of Primorska), Nicola Ialongo (0000-0002-3703-4808, Roma Tre University), David Gilman Romano, David Romano (0000-0001-9966-316X, University of Arizona), Jay Stephens (0000-0003-1299-3946, University of Chicago), Tanya Hristova (0009-0008-0935-491X, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), Dan Asael (0000-0002-4703-6081, Planetary Science Institute)
Ano2026
Volume188
Páginas106514
Data de publicação2026-04-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoJournal of Archaeological Science (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0305-4403 • E-ISSN: 1095-9238
EditoraElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.jas.2026.106514
OpenAlexW7129331461
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas1
Referências citadas40

Lacking substantial local tin deposits after 2000 BC, the Eastern Mediterranean depended on the importation of large quantities of tin from extraneous sources. Situated roughly equidistant (ca. 3000 km) between the large tin deposits of Western Europe and Central Asia, both localities have been proposed as potential sources of tin metal used in Eastern Mediterranean bronze production. However, such speculation must be substantiated. Herein, we assert that the application of a central-tendency-based approach to the comparison of tin isotope analyses of artifact assemblages with those of tin ores is an effective approach to differentiating between Central Asian and European tin sources in both pure tin metal and tin alloys. We apply the TIA approach to the reinterpretation of existing tin isotope analyses of tin ingots and introduce a large body of new evidence drawn from tin isotopes analysis of ancient (2000-900 BC) bronze artifacts from the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, Tell Atchana in the Amuq Valley of Turkey, the eastern part of the northern Adriatic/Istria and Kvarner (Croatia), Egypt and Peloponnese, Greece. A general chronological trend from high δSn in artifacts dating to 2000-1600 BC to moderate values in the Early Iron Age (1100-900 BC) indicate a gradual shift from tin dominated by Central Asian imports to tin derived from European deposits. These changes in the movement of tin are mirrored in other traceable commodities such as Baltic amber and glass. • Average δSn of surface ores better reflect composition of associated artifacts than δSn ranges. • Average δSn of Central Asian and European tin ores are distinct and can be used in provenance studies. • Tin imports into the Eastern Mediterranean region in the EBA (2000-1600 BC) were derived from Asia. • European tin imports into the region increased progressively from 1600 to 900 BC

Bronze · Bronze Age · Isotopes of tin · Mediterranean climate · Tin · Western europe · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis · Mineralogy and Gemology Studies